154 Mich. 676 | Mich. | 1908
(after stating the facts). The circuit judge eliminated from the case the second item in the bill of particulars, holding that plaintiff was entitled to no compensation for what he did in promoting the defendant’s organization. He also eliminated all claim for services as president, but submitted to them the question whether there was an implied contract that plaintiff should perform services outside his duties as president and an implied contract to pay for them. Stated substantially in the language of the circuit judge in his instructions, he left it to the jury to determine whether valuable services were rendered by the plaintiff to the defendant “under such circumstances as would raise a fair presumption that the directors of this bank and the plaintiff, each and both, intended that such services should and would be paid for.” No presumption of an agreement arises from the services which plaintiff claims to have rendered. Martindale v. Wilson-Cass Co., 134 Pa. 348. All the evidence adduced upon the trial is in the record. After a careful perusal of it, I fail to find any evidence that the directors of the defendant, either as a board or individually, had any knowledge of the time that plaintiff spent in the bank during banking hours, or that he was performing any services outside those imposed upon him as president, or that they expected him to spend his time there. The circuit judge instructed the jury that
The supreme court of Massachusetts, in Pew v. Gloucester Nat. Bank, 180 Mass. 891, have clearly stated the rule which is quoted with approval by the Supreme Court of the United States in Fitzgerald Construction Co. v. Fitzgerald, 137 U. S. 98. It is as follows:
*681 “A bank or other corporation may be bound by an implied contract in the same manner as an individual may. But, in any case, the mere fact that valuable services are rendered for the benefit of a party does not make him liable upon an implied promise to pay for them. It often happens that persons render services for others which all parties understand to be gratuitous. Thus, directors of banks and of many other corporations usually receive no compensation. In such cases, however valuable the services may be, the law does not raise an implied contract to pay by the party who receives the benefit of them. To render such party liable as a debtor under an implied promise, it must be shown, not only that the services were valuable, but also that they were rendered under such circumstances as to raise the fair presumption that the parties intended and understood that they were to be paid for; or, at least, that the circumstances were such that a reasonable man in the same situation with the person who received and is benefited by them would and ought to understand that compensation was to be paid for them.”
The facts of that case are applicable to those in this. The rule there stated is established by other courts. Citizens’ Nat. Bank v. Elliott, 65 Iowa, 104; Holder v. Railway Co., 71 Ill. 106; Lafayette, etc., R. Co. v. Cheeney, 87 Ill. 446; Lowe v. Ring, 123 Wis. 370; Henry Wood’s Sons v. Schaefer, 173 Mass. 443; Eakins v. White Bronze Co., 75 Mich. 568; St. Jude’s Church of Fentonville v. Van Denberg, 31 Mich. 287; Whittemore v. Kent Scientific Institute, 128 Mich. 518; 2 Cook on Corporations (5th Ed.), § 657. The court should, as requested at the close of the plaintiff’s case, have directed a verdict for the defendant. The like request should have been granted after the defense rested.
This disposal of the case renders it unnecessary to determine the many exceptions to the ruling of the court in the admission and rejection of testimony.
Judgment reversed, and new trial granted.