110 Mo. 456 | Mo. | 1892
This is a statutory proceeding to contest the will of Dr. Pryor N. Norton of Hamilton, Caldwell county. The plaintiffs are a brother, two sisters and a nephew of the deceased. Other brothers and sisters,' nephews and nieces are made defendants ; but the real defendants are Irene K. Paxton and Alice C. Bourse, who are the sisters of the deceased wife of the testator. He had no children.
The will now in question bears date the tenth of March, 1888, and the testator died of a lingering consumption on the twenty-second of the following April, leaving an estate consisting of real and personal property, valued at about $8,000. Aside from two small legacies, he devised all of his property to Irene K. Paxton and Alice C. Bourse, to have and hold free from the marital rights of their then or future husbands. The substantial averments of the petition are
The defendants produced the will and proved its execution, and that the testator was of sound mind by the three subscribing witnesses. Plaintiffs produced their evidence, and the defendants introduced a vast number of witnesses in rebuttal.
The third instruction given at the request of the defendants asserts the proposition 4hat the law presumes that every man of mature age possesses the capacity to make a will, until the contrary is mhde to appear, and concludes with these words: “And the burden of proof is upon those who are disputing the validity of the will to show that Norton, at the very time of executing the will, had not the capacity to make a valid will, and, unless they have, by a preponderance of the testimony in the case, shown that Dr. Norton, at the time he made the will in dispute, was of unsound mind or did not have the capacity to make a valid will, then the finding of the jury must be that he had sufficient capacity.”
The second, given at the request of the contestants, declares, among other things: “Unless the jury find from the evidence that said deceased, at the time of the signing and acknowledgment of said paper writing, was possessed of a sound, disposing mind and memory, they must find the issues of fact for the plaintiffs.”
By the sixth instruction, given at the request of the defendants, the court told the jury that there was no evidence tending to show undue influence exerted by the proponents of the will, and excluded that issue from their consideration.
Much has been said in the books concerning the burden of proof in these will cases. Under our law the proceeding to contest h probated will is in the nature of an appeal and a trial de novo. There can be no doubt but it devolves upon those who claim under the will to show that it was duly executed and attested, and that the testator was of the requisite age. Cravens v. Faulconer, 28 Mo. 21; Tingley v. Cowgill, 18 Mo. 294.
In Harris v. Hays, 53 Mo. 90, it was said the proper course is for the proponents of the will to introduce the subscribing witnesses, and establish by them the execution of the will and the sanity of the testator. This makes out a prima facie case, and the burden of establishing incompetency or undue influence rests then on the contestants. In the case of Benoist v. Murrin, 58 Mo. 322, the contestants admitted the genuineness of the signatures of the testator and the witnesses, but did not admit the sanity of the testator. This court denied to contestants the right to open and close, and in clear and unqualified terms held that it devolved'upon those claiming under the will to establish the sanity of the testator. It also held that this burden was not shifted during the trial by proof of the factum of the will and testamentary competency by the attesting witnesses, but remained with the party setting up the will.
It is sufficient for those who claim under the will to make out a prima facie case in the first instance. There is a presumption that every adult person is compos mentis, but the presumption is one of fact only. It may be that the production of a will, reasonable on its face, with proof of due execution and attestation, and that the testator was of full age, will make out a prima facie case on the part of the proponents, thus giving full force to the presumption, though the usual course is to offer some evidence of mental capacity. The parties claiming under the will having made out a prima facie case, the contestants must bring forward their evidence. But it does not follow from all this that the burden of proof shifts. It remains with those claiming under the will.
As said by Mr. Schouler: “And the larger and better class of American authorities point, moreover, to the conclusion that the court or jury trying the case must, upon the whole evidence, be satisfied that the testator was of. sound mind; so that, if there be inevitable doubt left on this point from all the testimony, the will cannot be considered as proved,” Schouler on Wills, sec. 174. This is in accord with the previous rulings of this court. It follows that the instruction given at the request of the contestants is correct, and the one given at the request of the defendants is wrong.
Stephen Norton, one of the plaintiffs, saw his brother during the latter part of January. He says:' “Don’t think his mind was very good; he would talk about things and I would go out of the room, and when I went back he would talk the same thing over, just as though he had not spoken of it before; he talked about his boyhood days in Kentucky; his mind seemed to run that way.” Says he saw his brother again in February, and in March, and, being asked what was the condition of his brother’s mind on his last visit, he said: “I don’t know, only he made the remark to me that my house had burnt, and wanted to know if I had got a new one. I said, no. He said, if he had been up he would have had me one.” The witness’ house had been destroyed by fire. This witness testified further that he did not think his brother was in a condition to transact business in February or March; that a man called for medicine and his brother said, send the man to some other physician.
On the part of the defendants the three attesting witnesses testify in strong terms to the effect that Dr. Norton talked with them at the time he signed the will; that he knew perfectly well what he was doing, and that his mind was “very clear.”
From the other evidence it appears Mrs. Norton died in 1885 or 1886. The title to the land stood in her name, but she conveyed the property to Norton just ■before, and in anticipation of her death. It does not appear whether this property was acquired with his or her money, or was the result of their joint labor. It appears the two girls, Irene and Alice, lived with them before the death of Mrs. Norton, and that Mrs. Paxton lived with Dr. Norton after his wife’s death, and kept house for him. He made two wills after the death of his wife, by each of which he made these girls his principal devisees. He then made a third one, the purpose of which was to name a different person as executor. Some six weeks before the date of the will now in question, he executed another will whereby he put the property in the hands of a trustee to pay over the income to Alice and Irene, with remainder to their issue, and in default thereof to his brothers and sisters. After considering the matter, he concludéd to give the property to the girls free of complications, and this he did by the will now in question. It is shown by various witnesses that he often said he brought the girls to this country; that they had been kind to him, and he intended to leave his property to them.
Dr. Snider says he prescribed for the deceased during January, .February and part of March; that he did not give him any morphine. Dr. Alpine says the deceased first tried whiskey, but did not like and would not take it; that the morphine was first administered after the date of the will and then in small doses of one-sixteenth of a grain, three times in twenty-four hours; that a half dose was added on some occasions towards the last, and that deceased took small quantities of whiskey a week or two before he died.
It does not follow because a person is advanced, in years, or is suffering from some disease, that he is: incapable of making a valid will. Such facts are, of course, to receive due consideration. But a person,, though aged or infirm, who is able to transact his ordinary business affairs, and who has a mind and memory capable of presenting to him his property and those persons who come reasonably within the range of his bounty, has a sufficient capacity to make a will. Though expressed in various words, such is in substance the rule often asserted. Benoist v. Murrin, 58 Mo. 308; Thompson v. Ish, 99 Mo. 180, and cases cited. Here it is conceded that the testator was,' up to the time he became • confined to his room, a man of strong mind and good. business qualifications. Two months after
But this principle is not confined to cases where that relation exists. Says Schouler: “Nor is fraud or imposition to be imputed .solely on the ground that the testator depended much upon the legatee for the management of his affairs and attendance to his personal wants. Indeed, lawful influence, such as grows out of legitimate or social relations, must be allowed to produce its natural fruits even in wills. The presumption favors a lawful, rather than unlawful, exercise of influence under such circumstances; and the exertion of a natural influence upon the testator can never afford adequate .ground of itself for setting a testament aside.” Schouler on Wills, sec. 230.
G-uided by the foregoing principles of law, there is in our opinion no evidence in this case which made it the duty of the court to submit the issue of undue influence to the jury. The judgment is affirmed.