106 F. 794 | 9th Cir. | 1901
This was an action by Charles W. Clarke against the Northern Pacific Railway Company upon a claim assigned to him by. William T. Stoll for services rendered the 'railway company as attorney at law in certain damage cases in the month of November, 1897. ' It was alleged that the services were of the reasonable value of $5,000. The case was tried before the court
The only question at issue is wiicdher, upon all the evidence in the case, it was the duty of the court to determine as a matter of law that the judgment should have been in favor of tlie defendant. In passing upon a. motion to direct a verdict, the duty of the trial judge is not to weigh the evidence in the case, as it is in passing' upon a motion for a new trial, but to take that view of the evidence most favorable to the party against whom it is moved to direct a verdict, and from that evidence, and the inferences reasonably and justifiably to be drawn therefrom, to determine whether or not, under the law, a verdict might be found for the party having the burden of proof. If not, he should, upon the ground that the evidence is insufficient in law, direct a verdict against that partv. Railwav Co. v. Lowery, 43 U. S. App. 408, 432, 20 C. C. A. 590, 74 Fed. 463, 477, followed in this court in Cox v. Robinson, 48 U. S. App. 388, 399, 27 C. C. A. 120, 82 Fed. 277, 282, 283. The evidence in the record tending to establish plamtiíT’s case may be summarized as follows: G. W. Bunn was the general counsel of the Northern Pacific Railway Company at Sí. Paul, Minn., and as such counsel he liad charge of all the legal business of the company, and the appointment and employment of all its attorneys, and had occupied that position continuously since the formation of the company in 1890. The firm of Dudley, Bunn & Dudley were the attorneys of the company at Spokane, in tlie state of Washington, during the year 1897. Their employment covered the litigation and counsel of the company pertaining to law matters in the eastern part of Washington and tlie state of Idaho. William T. «toll, in November, 1897, was a member of the Washington and Idaho bar. and had been practicing since 1882, having an office at Spokane, Wash. There were at that time pending in one of the state courts of Idaho six cases against the Northern Pacific Railway Company, known as the “Ross Crossing Cases.” brought to recover damages sustained by the plaintiffs by reason of the death of one person and injury to three others at a railroad crossing. The damage's claimed in these cases amounted to about $58,000, and at the time of the alleged employment of «toll by the company on November 20. 1897, default had been entered in favor of the plaintiffs in four of the cases, and in the other two default was entered before answers had been filed, on November 21, 1897. John M. Bunn, of the law firm of Dudley, Bunn & Dudley, division counsel of the railway company, called upon Stoll in his office on Sunday, November 20, 1897,
“This voucher of Stoll’s is for expenses incurred on three different trips made to Eathdrum in connection with the Boss Crossing personal injury cases. You will understand the reasons for Stoll’s connection with these cases. I am satisfied that Stoll is the only man who could have done what he did for the benefit of the company in this matter. McDonald was taken along with Stoll as a stenographer and assistant. Please approve these vouchers for payment in the usual course.”
Stoll' testified that he received a letter from O. W. Bunn, the general counsel, inclosing vouchers in payment of the expense bill mentioned in the letter of John M. Bunn. This letter from O. W. Bunn had been lost, but Stoll testified as to its substance, and says that it contained an expression of the fact that he was pleased with what had been done by Stoll in the matter. O. W. Bunn testified that division counsel of the road had no authority to employ and appoint local counsel, but that they were asked to recommend appointments for local counsel; that in 99 .cases out of 100 he took their recoim mendation; that he took their recommendations almost implicitly. It appears that in September or October, 1897, John M. Bunn received information from the general counsel of the company that there was likely to be a change in the division counsel at Spokane. He was also informed that, if he could form a satisfactory firm, it would succeed to the business on January 1,- 1898. John M. Bunn communicated to Stoll the terms upon which the firm of Dudley, Bunn & Dudley were doing the business of the company, and negotiations resulted in the formation of a law partnership composed of Stoll, Stephens, Bunn, and McDonald, which did in fact become division counsel of the company at Spokane, succeeding to the employment of Dudley, Bunn & Dudley, on January 1, 1898. This employment continued until August T, 1898. The testimony on the part of
It is elementary law that an attorney in a particular case has no, general authority, by virtue of his retainer, to employ other counsel, either by way of substitution or as assistant or associate counsel, at the expense of his cü-^ IWr where the employment of the original attorney is general in its character, and amounts to an agency in the legal business of the client, or where the authority or the subsequent assent on the part of the client to the employment of additional counsel can fairly be inferred from tbe facts of the case, tbe client will be bound by such employment. Briggs v. Georgia, 10 Vt. (58; Weeks, Attys. (2d Ed.) § 248. The evidence in the case is contradictory as to the authority of the division counsel to employ counsel, and also as to the assent of the general counsel to the employment of Stoll. It is also contradictory as to whether Stoll’s services were to be without compensation. But the question here is whether the testimony, together with all tbe inferences reasonably and justifiably to be drawn therefrom, tended to establish facts upon which the liability of the defendant for his employment follows as a legal consequence. The employment and agency of ihe division counsel of the defendant at Spokane covered the litigation and counsel of the company pertaining to law matters in the eastern part of Washington and the state of Idaho, hut, as no member of the firm had been admitted to the bar of Idaho, the firm was not in a position to render the immediate services required in the defense of the actions in question in that static The situation was one of emergency, and the best interest of the company was to be promoted by the employment of Stoll. The division counsel had previously employed special counsel in Idaho, and the employment was confirmed by the general counsel. John M. Bunn, one of the special counsel, represented to Stoll that the general counsel had always intrusted him to take charge of litigation in that territory, and do anything' to protect the interests of the company. But, assuming that this testimony on the part of the agent whose authority is in question was not sufficient to bind the principal, still the authority appears to be otherwise inferable from the previous acts of the general counsel, and the situation was one in which that authority was necessary and properly exercised for the benefit of the company. The evidence that the general counsel assented to the employment of Stoll is also in-ferable from tbe correspondence and the action of the general counsel in approving the bill of expenses incurred by Stoll. We think the evidence was sufficient to be submitted to tiie jury. Judgment affirmed.