Norman v. StateNorman v. State
Jim Smith, Atty. Gen., Gregory G. Costas, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.
MILLS, Judge.
Norman appeals from the imposition of sentence outside the sentencing guidelines, and from restitution imposed as a condition of probation. We affirm the trial court‘s departure from the guidelines, but reverse the amount of restitution required and remand for a determination of the market value of the goods stolen.
On 18 April 1984, Norman pled nolo contendere to burglary of a structure, first-degree grand theft and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. The recommended guidelines sentence was 7-9 years incarceration. He was sentenced to 8 years incarceration to be followed by 7 years probation for each of the burglary and theft charges and to 5 years incarceration for possession of a firearm, all to run concurrently.
Norman first contends that this sentence is impermissible under Villery v. Florida Parole and Probation Commission, 396 So.2d 1107 (Fla. 1981), which held that incarceration pursuant to a split sentence which equals or exceeds one year is invalid. However, in rendering the Villery decision, the court focused on fulfilling the legislative intent, as expressed in
However, parole is not available to persons sentenced under the guidelines. See
Norman next alleges that the trial court erred in departing from the guidelines without providing clear and convincing reasons. As a condition of his probation, Norman was required to pay restitution of approximately $15,000. The court explained its departure from the guidelines by stating that, “Defendant needs additional probation time in order to make restitution.” This reason was approved in MacFarland v. State, 462 So.2d 496 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984). However, that decision did not address
In Mischler v. State, 458 So.2d 37 (Fla. 4th DCA 1984), which Norman cites in
The trial court did err, however, in requiring Norman to pay $5,008 to the victim‘s insurance company as restitution for certain motorcycle parts stolen in the burglary. The evidence below clearly indicates that the parts were used, not new. As established at the restitution hearing by testimony of the victim‘s insurance adjuster, the victim received the wholesale value of new parts under its insurance agreement. Despite objection to this evidence of value, it is this contractual amount Norman was ordered to pay. This was error.
In Fresneda v. State, 347 So.2d 1021 (Fla. 1977), it was held that “a condition of probation requiring a probationer to pay money to, and for the benefit of, the victim of his crime cannot require payment in excess of the amount of damage the criminal conduct caused the victim.” Fresneda at 1022 (e.s.). Accord Wilson v. State, 452 So.2d 84 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984) (restitution cannot exceed the damage caused). Here, the victim was damaged to the extent of the value of his used parts. It was only because of its insurance contract that it was paid in excess of that amount. While it may be said that a thief “assumes the risk” that his booty will have a high value, we are not willing to hold that he be required to pay back more than it is actually worth.
We therefore vacate the amount of restitution ordered and remand for a second restitution hearing to determine the market value of the stolen parts. It may be adduced through direct testimony as to the fair market value of such parts at the time of the theft, or through evidence on 1) original market cost, 2) the manner in which they were used, 3) their general condition and quality and 4) the percentage of depreciation. Taylor v. State, 425 So.2d 1191, 1193-4 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983), citing Negron v. State, 306 So.2d 104, 108 (Fla. 1974).
Affirmed in part, reversed in part.
PEARSON, TILLMAN (Ret.), Associate Judge, concurs.
NIMMONS, J., concurs in part and dissents in part with opinion.
NIMMONS, Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part.
I concur with the majority‘s opinion except for the reversal of the probationary order. I would affirm on all points.
First of all, in quoting from Fresneda v. State, 347 So.2d 1021 (Fla. 1977), I believe the majority, by emphasizing the word “victim,” may be conveying the implication that trial courts are more restricted than they actually are in the selection of those to whom criminal offenders may be required to pay restitution. I believe Fresneda did not intend such a restricted view. See Ballance v. State, 447 So.2d 974 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984); and Cuba v. State, 362 So.2d 29 (Fla. 3rd DCA 1978).
Secondly, and more substantively, I do not believe that a criminal offender, whom the sentencing court has, by grace, determined to place on probation, is in any position to complain of the fact that he may be required to pay the wholesale value of new parts to replace those he has stolen. And it should matter not, at least under the facts in this case, whether the victim himself or his insurance carrier is the one to whom the probationer is required to pay.
The same rigidities in proof of value which are required of the state in the trial of criminal cases involving value as an essential element of the crime should not, in my view, always be imposed in the determination
I would affirm the restitution provision of the probation order.