36 Mo. App. 419 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1889
delivered the opinion of the court.
This is a suit for conversion, growing out of a seizure of the plaintiff’s property under a writ of attachment, issued by a justice of the peace of Greene county, in a suit wherein Horn & Hughes, a firm composed of the defendant and one C. Hughes were the plaintiffs, and the plaintiff Joseph Norman was the defendant.
“Affidavit of attachment.
“ Horn & Hughes, Plaintiffs, " “Joseph Norman, Defendant.
“The State of Missouri, ) “ County of Greene. • (
“This day personally appeared before me, W. J. Woods, a justice within and for the county of Greene, aforesaid Horn & Hughes say that plaintiffs, Horn & Hughes, have just demand against Joseph Norman, the defendant, and that the amount which the affiant believes plaintiff ought to recover after allowing all just credits and set-offs is $16.95 now due, and that he has good reason to believe that the defendant has absented himself from the state.
“Hobn & Hughes.
“Subscribed and. sworn to this seventh day of December, 1885, before me.
“W. J. Woods, J. P.”
Upon this paper, the justice issued a writ of attachment and the constable of the township, by virtue of this writ, entered the plaintiff’s premises and seized the personal property of the plaintiff, consisting of household goods and farming implements, for the purpose of paying the debt claimed to be due from Norman to the firm. Afterwards an order of publication was had against the plaintiff, and judgment rendered against him in the attachment proceedings, and a special execution was awarded with directions to the constable to sell the attached property. The constable did sell the property, and with the proceeds paid the claim of Horn .& Hughes against the plaintiff. Afterwards the plaintiff brought the present action against the defendant Horn and the constable, alleging the wrongful taking and conversion of his property. There was a trial
The defendant Horn has appealed the case and has assigned for error: First. That the allegations of the petition did not authorize the introduction of any testimony. Second. ’ The court committed error in giving and refusing instructions. Third. That the verdict is unsupported by the evidence.
I. Counsel for the appellant contend that as the petition failed to aver that a demand had been made on the defendants for the return of the property, that a cause of action for conversion was not stated, and that their objection to the admission of 'any testimony ought to have been sustained. We do not think this position can be maintained.
In an action for conversion, if the petition avers a wrongful or tortious taking, it is sufficient. Proof of the wrongful taking establishes the conversion. On the other hand, if the defendant has, so far as his acts go, lawfully come into the possession of the plaintiff’s property, in order for the plaintiff • to make a case of conversion, he must aver and prove either that the defendant has used or appropriated the property in such a way as to indicate a claim thereto, adverse to the plaintiff’s title or ownership, or that the defendant has refused on demand to give up the property. Nanson v. Jacob, 93 Mo. 340; 3 Rob. Pr. 459, 462. The petition in this case avers the wrongful taking of the property by the defendants, which, if true, constituted a good cause of action for conversion.
II. The controlling question in this case grows out of the instructions. The court instructed as a matter of law, tliat under the facts established by the evidence the judgment must be for the plaintiff against the defendant Horn. The court refused on the motion of the defendant’s counsel to declare} as a matter of law.
The respondent has not favored us with a brief, and we are therefore not directly advised of the exact theory of the court in disposing of the case. We must assume, however, that the court determined as a matter of law, that there was no affidavit to support or authorize the issuance of a writ of attachment, and that the action of the justice in so doing was a nullity. If the court was right in this, then the attachment process neither protected nor justified any one in acting thereunder; and under this view of the case we can not perceive on what theory the court discharged the constable from liability. If there was no affidavit, then the writ of attachment was unauthorized, and the justice in issuing it acted without jurisdiction. Burnett v. McCluey, 78 Mo. 676.
An officer can not justify his action in serving process unless the court from which it emanates had jurisdiction. Town Warrensburg, etc., v. Miller, 77 Mo. 56; Howard v. Clark, 43 Mo. 344. But it is not necessary to discuss this question as the respondent does not complain, and the discharge of the constable could not be error of which defendant Horn could complain.
The validity of the judgment of the trial court against defendant Horn, as we have previously indicated, depends on the character of the paper filed by Horn & Hughes with the justice, Avhich was evidently intended by them, and regarded by the justice as an affidavit for an attachment. Can the paper be regarded as an affidavit? If it can, then the judgment against the defendant is wrong. Mere informality or insufficiency in the affidavit will not prevent the jurisdiction of the justice from attaching; and when this occurs it can not then be said that the writ of attachment was not properly issued. Hardin v. Lee, 51 Mo. 241; and if properly issued, then, it can not be claimed by the plaintiff that his property
Our conclusion is that the writ of attachment in this case was without warrant of law, and that the officer, in making the seizure of the plaintiff’s property, was a trespasser.
But counsel for Horn urge that even if the attachment writ was a nullity, yet their client is not liable because he did not direct the levy and did not aid therein. To support this position, our attention has been called to several cases where the liability of the plaintiffs in attachment suits was predicated on the fact that they had aided the officer in making the
As the judgment is otherwise supported and authorized by substantial testimony, it will have to be affirmed.