A рrinciple, repeated with remarkable frequency in the plainest terms of direct simplicity, and carrying with it a compelling sense of emphasis, has again been misreаd, misunderstood, or misapplied, requiring ag*ain its republication. For the District Court, indicating no basis for departure from the rule,
1
“ * * * that a motion to dismiss for failure to state a clаim should not be granted unless it appears to a certainty that the plaintiff would be entitled to no relief under any state of facts which could be proved in support оf his claim * * Des Isles v. Evans, 5 Cir.,
This approach not unnatural to Court and counsel steeped in the judicial traditions of Civil jurisprudence, seems to assume that a suit for Workmen’s Compensation, being a special statutory remedy, carries with it all of the trappings of the state procedure including, here, the requirement, LSA-Revised Statutes, Title 23, Section 1311, that the “ * * * petitiоn should set forth the * * * facts * * *” in a manner deemed adequate by a Louisiana Court. But this is not so. For in suits seeking statutory compensation, “It is settled law that neither the * * * [state] Statutes nоr State rules governing practice and procedure in the State courts are applicable to, or binding on, trials in federal courts,” Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Co. of Wisconsin v. Blunt, 5 Cir.,
While perhaps inartfully drawn, the Complaint, making positive the relationship of employer-employee and claiming specifically benefits under thе Louisiana Workmen’s Compensation Act, did assert quite plainly that, while working for Godchaux Sugars, Inc., during March 1955, Millet became disabled by reason of a slight costo-chondral separation for which, beginning April 1, he was treated by the company doctor who discharged him April 13, 1955, with a recommendation that he be restricted from doing heavy work. It further sеt forth that on April 14, 1955, Millet returned to work and continued until April 22, 1955, when he became “unable to continue” further work. And, in categorical terms, it asserted that by reason thereof he had “been made permanently and totally disabled and * * * entitled to compensation under Louisiana law * * * Title 23, Section 1021 etseq. * *
But because the Complaint, reading:
“2. Plaintiff was an employee of the сompany in March 1955, engaged as a crystalizer foreman in the companies sugar refinery at Reserve, Louisiana, when he, gradu *266 ally, over a period of days experienced an increasing inability to perform his work, accompanied by pain in the upper front region of his chest, which pain increased to such an extent, thаt on April 1st, 1955, he consulted the company doctor.”
did not name or indicate a specific event or occurrence, the employer contended, and the Court, without opinion, apparently agreed, that this was not a suflicient allegation of “personal injury by accident” 2 arising out of employment.
This assumed, of course, that the plaintiff’s proof would literally track the bare allegations and that all that such evidence would show was a disability at the end of March which, it was further assumed, would be insufficient under Louisiana law. But these assumptions are not permissible. For the Complaint “shall contain * * * a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief * * Fed.Rules Civ.Prоc. rule 8(a), 28 U.S.C.A., and this forbids the prolix recitation of probable evidence. And it would be shutting out all judicial experience to expect that the yersions from the witnessеs would be that short, or sharp, or simple. And on the substantive merits, it was to assume that Louisiana, in all situations, requires some definitive event of an external fortuitous nature to satisfy thе literal < language of the We need not— here elaborate on Statute, note 2, supra, indeed, we ought not— the numerous cases fdr it is sufficient to say that Louisiana doеs not have any such rigid requirement. The distinctions between liability! and non-liability may sometimes be scarcely discernible, extremely fine, and thje nuances subtle, but the Louisiana jurisprudence recognizes that disability may yet be compen-sable with or without an untoward identifiable event if certain] circumstances or conditions of employment cаuse or bring it about. 3 What these circumstances are, what kinds of medical results are recognized depend on the minutiae of evidence to be develope d, not on the lawyer's efforts to describe it in the stilted archaic language of a pleading.
The ruling was equálly impermissible concerning the allegations that, returning April 14 for work, the nеcessity of *267 his working long hours as a strikebreaker in a strike-bound, plant under tensions and strain of armed guard operation subjecting him to condemnation in the eyes of striking fellow employees, produced a “mental aversion and neurosis related to his work * * * ” so that he became “unable to return to his former occupation or to successfully perform work of a reasonable character.”
Illustrating the hazardous process of finally disposing of a case on pleadings, the Court, sustaining the emplоyer’s contention, categorically construed this as an independent claim that an entirely separate and distinct disability was caused by being “compelled” to work as a strikebreaker.
But the literal words of the Complaint do not require this, and both by brief and argument here Millet makes it certain that his purpose was merely to set forth a gеneral description of the circumstances subsequent to the basic, March injury to his chest and from which the resulting disability for that injury became further aggravated by a neurosis and еmotional disturbance. Of course, such disability, if causally related to the “injury,” is clearly compensable, Wright v. Louisiana Gas & Fuel Co., La.App.,
Whether there were a compensable injury аnd, if so, the physical, medical or psychic-mental disability resulting from it were matters which had to be determined by proof. The cause must therefore be reversed and remanded for further and not inconsistent proceedings. In that process, it will be the function of the Judge to determine on the evidence (not the pleadings) by motions for summary judgment, directed verdict or other appropriate means whether, under the controlling substantive jurisprudence of Louisiana, the evidence is sufficient to raise a genuine issue of fact. Ruling, as we do, solely on the pleadings, we do not, of course, even intimate what the inner or outer reaches of liability are.
Reversed and remanded.
Notes
. LSA-Revised Statutes, Title 23, Seсtion 1021: “ ‘Accident’ means an unexpected or unforeseen event happening suddenly or violently, with or without human fault and producing at the time objective symptoms of an injury.”
. Custer v. Higgins Industries, Inc., La. App.,