The defendant was tried and convicted on an indictment charging him with murder. The indictment as returned into court by the grand jury contained eleven counts. A nolle prosequi was afterwards, on motion of the solicitor, entered as to four of them, the third, fourth, fifth and seventh. To the remaining counts demurrers were interposed by the defendant, and Avhich demurrers the court overruled.
Some of these counts are wanting in proper averments, while others contain unnecessary averments. The first and second fail to aver that the defendant killed the deceased, except possibly in an inferential way. There is, to say the least, grave doubt of their sufficiency. As the indictment must be quashed for reasons that will be stated later on, and another indictment Avill have to be preferred, we take occasion here to say, that we can see no necessity for multiplying the counts in the indictment, when two would be sufficient to meet any phase of the evidence in the case:
For illustration, with proper commencement and conclusion of the indictment as provided in section 4923 of the Criminal Code, a count charging that the defendant, Walter L. Nordan, unlaAvfully and with malice aforethought, killed Nola Nordan by administering to her poison, to-wit, strychnine; and a second count, charging that Walter L. Nordan unlaAvfully and with malice aforethought killed Nola Nordan by causing to be administered to her poison, to-wit, strychnine
There Avas no error in overruling the defendant’s motion to quash the venire from which a jury to try the defendant Avas to be selected. Twenty-four regular jurors had been draAvn, three failed to- appear or Avere excused. The court then organized and empaneled jury No: 1 of twelve jurors, but did not immediately complete jury No. 2, and proceeded with the business of the court, hearing and trying one case with jury No. 1, and furthermore made an order setting a day for the trial of the defend
It was immaterial whether the juror Sanders lived in the Columbia or Abbeville division of the circuit court of Henry county; if otherwise qualified, and he was a resident householder or freeholder of the county, he was a competent juror. The act creating the several divisions of the circuit court of Henry county does not fix as an additional qualification of the juror that he shall live in the division of which he is summoned as a juror. Acts 1884-5, p. 726.
The matter of the sufficiency and reasonableness of the excuse of a juror, for not serving as such, is largely within the sound discretion and judgment of the trial court, when it comes to excusing one by the court for good and sufficient cause from service, who has been drawn to serve as a juror. We are not prepared to say that, to save one’s property in emergency from destruction is not a sufficient reason for the trial court to excuse, as for good cause shown. Nor are we prepared to say that the court in the instance of the juror Trammel abused its power in excusing said juror for cause under the circumstances stated.
A motion was made by the defendant to strike the indictment, which was overrule^ by the court, and then followed a motion to quash, which was also overruled. The defendant then filed pleas in abatement to the indictment upon which issue was joined by the State, and a trial had by a jury, and upon which trial, on the evidence introduced, the court, at the request of the solicitor
In the case before us, the objections to the indictment were based on a judicial order, or act of the court. And for the purposes of the present case it is immaterial as to the pr.oper manner or practice of making the objections, as they were made both by motion and by the plea in abatement. But in Sparrenberger v. State, 53 Ala. 481, it was said that a plea to the indictment is an admission of its genuineness, and it was there ruled that if the objections went to the annihilation of the indictment. “To the denying it ever had a legal existence,” the proper mode of assailing it was by motion to quash and not by plea in abatement. In the case of Thayer v.
The temporary absence of the juror Wright, by permission of the court, did not in law operate to reduce the number of grand jurors so as to authorize the court under the statute to supply a deficiency. Wright continued a member of the body, and the grand jury as constituted, after the withdrawal of Adams and Mouring because of their relationship, was still composed of thirteen members. Under the authority of Peters v. State, 98 Ala. 38, without an order having been previously made by the court discharging the juror Wright from the grand jury, and which was not done, and thereby diminishing the membership of that body as constituted, below the number required by law to act, the action of the court in adding to the grand jury the three persons, as was done in this case, was without warrant and authority of law, and the indictment returned by such grand jury was illegal, and should have been quashed on defendant’s motion.
It was entirely competent for the witness, Dr. Long, who was examined on behalf of the State, to testify to his being called to attend the deceased at the time she was- suffering, and to describe her condition and tell'
It was also competent to show by the witness, Mrs.' Mouring, the mother of the deceased, as to the condition in which she found her daughter when the witness got to her, and what she said to the defendant and how he acted on that occasion, and the further facts that the deceased had a young baby only four weeks old, and that the defendant and deceased had been married only tAvo Aveeks. This, in connection with other evidence in the case tending to shoAV motive, was competent and relevant along that line. It was competent along the line of motive for the prosecution to show that bastardy proceedings had been instituted by the deceased against the defendant, before their marriage, and also to show pending prosecutions against the defendant for the seduction of the deceased and for attempt to procure an abortion. And, in this connection and for like reasons, it was competent to shoAV the circumstances under Avhich the marriage between the defendant and deceased took place— the antenuptial contract entered into by them, and the declarations of the defendant before the marriage as to Iioav long the marriage relations would or might continue.
There was evidence that the defendant gave to the deceased a< headache powder and then left her and went to his store, and in a short while after she had taken the powder, about tAventy minutes, she was found to be in apparent pain and suffering. The Avitness, Kinsey, Avas permitted to testify, against the defendant’s objection, that at this time the deceased said, “I took the medicine
The witness, P. A. McDaniel, was permitted to testify, against the defendant’s objection, that, in the case of the State v. Nordan, this defendant, charged with seduction of the deceased, the deceased was present and testified' as a witness in that case on behalf of the State, and in her testimony then swore that certain letters, which she produced on that trial, and being the same offered in evi.dence by the State in the present case, were in the handwriting of the defendant. We think this evidence was admissible. We recognize the rule that in admitting evidence of the testimony of a witness on a former trial who has since died, it must be shown that the testimony of the deceased witness Avas given in a case where the parties and issues Avere the same as in the case in Avhich it is proposer! to prove the testimony of such deceased witness. And it is true that the main issue in the seduction case, in which the deceased witness testified, is entirely different- from the main question in the present case. But as to the particular evidence here offered, the issue in the two cases is identical — that is, the genuineness of the letters. The parties were the same in both cases, and the particular issue upon which the evidence was offered was the same, and we think this satisfies the rule, and distinguishes this case from that of Davis v. State, 17 Ala. 354, and is not in conflict with
The theory of the defense was, that the deceased took her own life without agency on the part of defendant. In support of this theory any evidence tending to show that the deceased came to her death by her own act was competent. And along this line, we think it was permissible for the defense tO' show by competent evidence any acts, conduct, or declarations on the part of the deceased evidencing a mind and purpose of destroying her own life. And in this connection it was competent for the defendant as a witness in his own behalf to testify to a threat made by his wife to take her own life when he told her of his contemplated trip to the country with his sister’ and Mae Grice. There were other objections, to evidence, but we think what we have already sa'd above in a general way will prove sufficient for the purpose of another trial, without discussing the many exceptions in detail.
That portion of the oral charge excepted to, wherein the court said to the jury, “There is no contrad'ction within the proper meaning of that term where two testify that they were present and heard a conversation, and one testifies that he did hear a certain portion of the conversation, and the other testifies that he did not hear that portion of it,” was erroneous. In such a case, there may or may not be a contradiction. If both should testify that they heard all of the conversation, and one should testify to a particular statement having been
The court in its oral charge erred in the statement that “A probability of the defendant’s innocence exists only when the testimony showing his innocence is stronger than that showing his guilt.” A probability of innocence may exist when no testimony has been offered on the part of the prosecution showing his guilt. That portion of the oral charge excepted to, in which the court said to the jury, “The administering of such a drug as strychnine is a crime of such heinous quality that the law carries with it all the elements of murder in the first degree if given knowingly, intentionally and with intent to kill,” when réferred to the evidence in the case, and taken in connection with the fact of the death of the party to whom it was charged the defendant did administer the poison, was free from error.
Written charge No. 1, given at the instance of the State, was abstract and should have been refused. There was no evidence of any dying declarations by the deceased. The statements made by the deceased, as we have before said, were properly admitted in evidence, not as dying-declarations, but as being of the res gestae. Charge No-. 2; given at the request of the1 State, was free from error. Charge No. 3, given for the State, was erroneous. If the charge means to state that a probability of innocence, and a reasonable doubt, is the same thing, and, as we construe it, it can mean nothing else, that is not a fact, nor is it the lawT. It has often been stated, that a reasonable doubt may exist, although there may not be a probability of innocence.
The defendant requested in writing a large number of charges which were refused. This portion of the transcript which sets out or undertakes to set out the charges requested by the defendant is poorly arranged, and is not free from confusion. In the state of the rec
For the errors pointed out, the judgment must be reversed and the cause remanded. The defendant will remain in custody until discharged according to law.
Reversed and remanded.