130 Wis. 79 | Wis. | 1906
At the threshold of-this case stands the finding of the jury that the respondent’s dog “did not attack or frighten the horse;” “that the dog did not bite the horse.”
The rule has been too often stated to leave necessity for more than a reference to it, that if there is any credible evidence to support a verdict it cannot be disturbed on appeal; that in determining whether there is such credible evidence or not the record should be viewed in the most favorable light it will reasonably bear in support of such verdict, and that in deference to the conclusion of the trial judge in respect to the matter, — who saw all the witnesses and heard their testimony, and from his superior point of view must be presumed to have had much better opportunity for determining the truth than the appellate court can have, — such conclusion should not be disturbed unless it appears to be clearly wrong. The mere fact that there was room, as appears by the record, for the trial judge to have reached a different conclusion or is room for us -to reach one looking' alone at the printed pages presented, not regarding the superior opportunities of tlio trial judge as stated, is not sufficient. Powell v. Ashland I. & S. Co. 98 Wis. 35, 73 N. W. 573; Maanum v. Madison, 104 Wis. 272, 80 N. W. 591; McCune v. Badger, 126 Wis. 186, 105 N. W. 667. That doctrine is one of the most important guides in the exercise of appellate jurisdiction as to matters of fact. Often the appearance of a witness upon the stand while giving his testimony, the manner of his answering the interrogatories, and other things occurring under the vigilant eye of the trial judge, are legitimately the controlling
The record before us as to the jury’s answer to question number two must be tested by the foregoing. We shall not attempt to quote the evidence in respect to the matter in detail. It will be sufficient in the main, it seems, to state the general effect thereof.
Mrs. Krueger testified substantially in accordance with the allegations of the complaint as to the conduct of the dog;, that .she and her husband were riding in a buggy drawn by a single horse proceeding south and east on the highway, her husband driving the horse and she sitting on the left-hand side of the seat; that Kroening approached from behind them driving a horse drawing a cart in which he was riding; that his horse was going at a very rapid pace; that her husband turned to the left to allow him to pass, which he did; that when he was about twelve feet away, in passing, his dog growled, approached Mr. Krueger’s horse on the left side, and bit the horse in the left hind foot above the anMe; that the dog growled low and ran along the side of the horse for some forty rods; that as the horse was bitten he became frightened and jumped and ran to the right and off the side of the road at a culvert into a ditch and thence on for a considerable distance wholly unmanageable; that when he jumped and ran off into the ditch Mr. Krueger tried to hold' him and was thrown from the buggy, his foot being caught and held fast therein so that he was dragged and killed, as-
Mrs. William Bratz, who was working in the field just inside the fence where the accident happened, saw Mr. Kroening as he approached and passed Mr. Krueger. She said the dog was behind Kroening’s cart as he approached Krueger’s rig; that the former drove slowly as he approached but quickened his pace a little as he passed Krueger; that though she saw the dog she did not observe that he was excited or that he did anything to Krueger’s horse; that she did not see him spring in any way or bark; that when the horse jumped she did not see the dog anywhere; that she saw the dog between Kroening’s cart wheels, and then she saw him after Kroen-ing passed Krueger between the two buggies; that she last saw the dog after the horse made the first jump and that some weeds interfered with her line of sight.
Mr. E. O. Kiehl, a witness called for the plaintiff, said substantially: I saw the horse shortly before it turned up into the highway where it slackened its pace. I saw a dog in the road but could not say it was Kroening’s. The dog was on the left side of the rig in the center of the road. I could not say whether it was Kroening’s or Frank Eusch’s dog. Afterwards when Mr. Kroening came up his dog was with him, but I could not say it was the same dog I saw in the road. When I first saw the horse it was running on the side of the road. It trotted after it turned up into the road at the “south culvert.” I did not see the dog do anything.
The examination of Mr. Kroening, taken under sec. 4096,
There was evidence to the effect that after the accident a small scratch was found on the left hind leg of the horse near the ankle from which a little blood had flowed.
Julia Zahn, a witness called by the plaintiff, was with Mrs. Bratz at the time of the occurrence. She saw the horse at the instant Krueger fell out of the buggy and when it ran off into the ditch at the culvert. She did not see the dog or hear it bark.
Abraham Beck, called by respondent, said, in substance: I saAv a dog following Kroening’s rig at the time he passed Mr. Krueger. I was in the field with Mrs. Bratz and Julia Zahn. I saw Mr. Kroening pass by Mr. Krueger. The latter’s horse got a little high-lifed at that time. He tried to hold his hoyse. The horse raised up in front and Mrs. Krueger grabbed round with the right arm over the lines. That was just before the horse had to jump off the culvert. I did not see the dog or hear him bark. Some weeds interfered
Mrs. Beck, a witness called for the defendant, said: I saw the dog in the middle of the road before Krueger fell out of the wagon. I did not see him do anything to the horse, or hear him bark. I just saw him going along with the team in the road. I saw Mrs. Krueger at the time of the occurrence reach over and take one of the lines. That was as the horse jumped at the culvert.
There was evidence tending to prove that on one occasion Mrs. Krueger said she did not know respondent’s dog bit the horse, but others said so, and evidence tending to prove that the dog on some occasions had pursued horses driven along the highway.
The foregoing shows sufficiently the general nature of the evidence. There was the direct and positive testimony of Mrs. Krueger that the dog bit the left hind foot of Krueger’s horse, causing him to become unmanageable and go off into a ditch at the culvert and ultimately to cause Krueger’s death. It was somewhat discredited by evidence that on a previous occasion she said the dog attacked the horse in front instead of by biting one of his hind feet, and further discredited by evidence tending to show that prior to the trial she said she did not know whether the dog bit the horse, but liad been told so; and still further discredited by the circumstance that, whereas she said when respondent approached to pass by her husband’s rig the former was driving very fast, the evidence generally in the case was to the contrary. All the witnesses on both sides, who testified to seeing the accident and seeing what occurred prior thereto and thereafter till the horse was stopped, and who were in a position where they probably might have seen or heard the dog if he attacked
Now it may be that Mrs. Krueger told the truth as to the cause of the horse going to the left and throwing Krueger into the position which produced his death, but in view of the evidence tending to impair her credibility, and the universal testimony of witnesses on both sides who were in a position where they might, within reasonable probability, have seen or heard the dog at some time during the occurrence, if its conduct' was as Mrs. Krueger claimed, that they did not see any such conduct, and in view of the fact that the trial judge, who listened to all the evidence as it came from the mouths of the witnesses, both in submitting the cause to the jury, and in deciding the motion to set aside their finding, deliberately decided it was within reasonable probability that the horse was not frightened or made unmanageable by respondent’s dog, we cannot, it seems, consistently with the rules governing such matters, disturb such decision. Whether the finding of the jury be right or wrong as an original matter, by those tests which it is our duty to apply thereto, it must stand as a verity in the case.
Notwithstanding the foregoing it is insisted on behalf of appellant that fatal error was committed in the instruction in respect to the second question. The language complained of can best be understood by reading it as a part of the entire charge in respect to such question, which is as follows:
“That second question reads, ‘At the time and place of the injury in.question did said dog attack, bite and frighten, in the public highway, the horse which plaintiff’s intestate, Godfried O. Krueger, was then and there driving?’ Your answer to this question will be divided into two parts. If you find that the dog did bite the horse which Mr. Krueger was driving, then your answer on that branch of the question will read, ‘the dog did bite the horse.’ If you find the horse was not bitten by the dog, then your answer to that part, of the question will read, ‘the dog did not bite the horse.’ You will have no trouble in filling that out when you come*89 to look at the form that is given for the answer. The dog did bite the horse — the dog did not bite the horse. That is all there is of that. Ton will observe that one part of the •question relates to the biting only, and the other part of the question relates to the inquiry whether the dog attacked and frightened the horse even if he did not bite it. If you find that the dog did attack the horse either by biting him, or by running out, or barking or growling at him, or chasing him in such manner as to indicate that the dog was trying to bite, injure or worry the horse, and if the horse was thereby frightened, then your answer to that branch of this question should be, the dog did attack and frighten the horse. If you find that the dog did not attack the horse by biting him, nor by running out, or barking or growling at him, or chasing the horse in the attempt to bite or injure or worry the horse, then your answer to that part of the question should be, the dog did not attack nor frighten the horse.
“The word ‘frighten’ in the sense in which it is used in this question has reference to fright of the horse resulting, if it did result, from an attack upon the horse by the dog in some of the ways that I have explained to you, and not to any fright resulting, if it did result, from the act of the dog in running along the highway without making any effort or attempt., to bite, injure, or worry the horse. If the horse took fright merely because the dog ran past, or behind, or alongside, or in front of the horse, without attacking or worrying or biting the horse, or trying to do so, then in the sense intended by this question the horse was not frightened by any act or conduct of the dog to which this branch of the question has reference, and you are then to answer it accordingly in the negative as to that part of the question. The fright about which this question inquires is fright resulting from an attack by the dog — not to fright which was not caused by such attack. If there was no such attack, then there was no fright caused by the dog in the sense meant by this question. While the answer to the question is not in form ‘yes’ or ‘no,’ yet the answer will be the equivalent of ‘yes’ or ‘no’ when read in connection with the question. It will be either an affirmative or a negative answer in the sense which has been explained to you, and the instruction which has been given to you on the subject of the burden of proof is applicable to this question and to the answer which you may make to it,”
It is contended that the language, “it will be either an affirmative or a negative answer in the sense which has been explained to you, and the instruction which has been given to you on the subject of the burden of proof is applicable to this question and to the answer which you may make to it,” in connection with the preceding language, “if the horse took, fright merely because the dog ran past, or behind, or alongside, or in front of the horse, without attacking, or worrying" or biting the horse, or trying to do so, then in the sense intended by this question the horse was not frightened by any act or conduct of the dog,” put the burden of proof upon the-
The foregoing covers all the criticisms of the charge specially made in the brief of appellant’s counsel, and after a careful study of it we do not discover any other which the learned counsel may probably have had in mind in presenting the six exceptions to as many portions of the court’s language selected therefrom.
The motion for a new trial because of misconduct of jurors, was based on charges that three of them frequented a hotel at intervals during the trial, two of whom boarded at such hotel; that they consorted there with respondent and persons actively interested in his behalf; that they talked about the case with him and such persons, accepted treats of beer and cigars of them, and heard talk about the case by such persons and others. In the whole there was no definite and certain evidence as to the jurors accepting treats as claimed. At best, the evidence was in much conflict on all branches of the charges. The jurors themselves were sworn and examined and severally denied that they accepted any favors by way of treats from respondent, or his friends, during the trial, or’
There are no other questions in the case that require special consideration in this opinion.
By the Court. — The judgment is affirmed.