Nichols v. Pope

287 Mass. 244 | Mass. | 1934

Rugg, C.J.

This is a suit in equity brought by the administratrix de bonis non of the estate of Samuel G. Nichols. The defendant demurred to the plaintiff’s bill. From an interlocutory decree sustaining the demurrer and from a final decree dismissing the bill the plaintiff appealed. The facts alleged in the bill in substance are these: The plaintiff’s intestate was mortally injured on January 4. 1923. by falling through an opening in an elevator shaft in a building leased to the defendant’s intestate by reason of the negligence of the defendant’s intestate in failing to protect that opening by an automatic gate. The plaintiff’s intestate after severe conscious suffering died on January 21, 1923. The defendant’s intestate was at the time the holder of a policy of insurance protecting him against liability for damage from such injury and death. After the death of the plaintiff’s_ intestate an action was seasonably brought to recover damages~foF^s°co!iscio;^°Wffermg~^d~ffiatEl3y the administrator of the plaintiff’s intestate defendant’s intestate in his lifetime. During the pendency of that action the defendant therein died on August 27, 1924, and the defendant was appointed administrator of his estate on Eebmarv 24. 1925. There is no allegation that due notice of his appointment was not given. The defendant" knew of the pendency of thWactionat the time of his appointment. In January, 1926, that action was on the fist for trial. At that time the administrator of the estate of Samuel G. Nichols had- died and no administrator de bonis non had been appointed. These facts were stated to the court by the attorneys for the defendant in that action and upon motion made ex parte the action was marked “passed.” When that motion was made the attorneys knew of the death of their client, the defendant in that action, but did not inform the court of that fact. They were acting for the estate of the deceased defendant and for his insurer. The attorneys then notified the attorney who had acted for the plaintiff in that action that the case had been marked “passed” because of the death of the plaintiff, a fact of which he was then ignorant, but making no statement touching the death of the defendant. Thereafter in March, 1926, the present plaintiff was appointed administratrix de bonis non of the estate of the plaintiff in that action. In June, 1926, suggestion of death of the detor of the defendant appeánñg^püCM'ly' filed a motion to dismiss that action, which was denied, but since the institution of the present suit that action has been dismissed.

It is plain that that action at law was barred unon-The facts stated because of failure to cause the administrator oTthe defendant to appear and become a party to it within the timé limited by statute.- G. L. (Terr Ed.) "cr^28, §§ 4, 5. Brotkin v. Feinberg, 265 Mass. 295. Everett Trust Co. v. Waltham Theatre Amusement Co. 267 Mass. 350, 353. The cause of action therein described was barred against the defendant by the short statute of limitations. G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 197, § 9. The present suit is brought under G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 197, § 10. That section provides that if the Supreme Judicial Court upon a suit in equity “by a creditor whose claim has not been prosecuted within the time limited by the preceding section, deems that justice and equity require it and that such creditor is not chargeable with culpable neglect in not prosecuting his claim within the time so limited” it may give judgment for the amount of the claim.

It is doubtful if the facts here alleged bring the case within the scope of that section. There was no failure to bring an action at law on the cause of action herein set forth. Such action was brought against the defendant’s intestate during his lifetime and was pending for more than one year after the appointment of the defendant as adinimstrator oFhis estate. The plaintiff did not fail to bring an action under G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 197, § 9, but failed to prosecute a pending action until it was barred by G. L. (Ter. c. 228, §§ 4, 5. Ísuhíing in favor of the plaintiff, but not so deciding, that this point is not decisive against her, she fails to set out grounds for relief under G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 197, § 10. No attempt has been made to give a comprehensive definition of the meaning of the words of § 10 already quoted which would be applicable to all cases. It was said in Haven v. Smith, 250 Mass. 546, 549, 550: “The words 1 culpable neglect’ mean the neglect which arises from the creditor’s own carelessness in not seasonably enforcing his claim .... It is obvious that, although the case was on the trial list, the plaintiffs made no inquiries to ascertain facts6which were easily obtainable, and which would have disclosed the death of the testator. If this had been done there was ample time to suggest his death before the statute of limitations had run.” In that case it was held that ignorance of the death of the debtor where opportunity for inquiry existed is not sufficient to warrant relief. Other decisions are to the same effect. Sykes v. Meacham, 103 Mass. 285. Estabrook v. Moulton, 223 Mass. 359. No fraud nor misrepresentation on the part of the defendant is alleged. There was no relation of trust or confidence as to the cause of action between the opposing parties to the action at law. The plaintiff cannot rightly contend that anybody representing her interests was misled by the statements or conduct of the attorneys for the defendant. In general no obligation exists on the part of a debtor to remind his creditor that the statute of limitations will bar his action if something is not done to prevent. The case at bar is distinguishable from McLearn v. Hill, 276 Mass. 519, where the conduct of the defendant carried an implication amounting to an estoppel. Nothing of that nature is here alleged. It is not within the scope of Ewing v. King, 169 Mass. 97, where active defence through two courts was conducted to pending litigation in the name of a defendant who had died and it was held that there was no culpable neglect in assuming that such defendant was still living. The principles on which relief must be denied in suits of this nature have been expounded in numerous decisions. It would serve no useful purpose to repeat them. Waltham Bank v. Wright, 8 Allen, 121: Leach v. Leach, 238 Mass. 100, where many cases are reviewed. Johnson v. Clabburn, 249 Mass. 216. Thompson v. Owen, 249 Mass. 229, 234.

Interlocutory decree affirmed.

Final decree affirmed with costs.