292 Mass. 500 | Mass. | 1935
The plaintiff recovered a verdict for injuries received when hit by an automobile truck owned by the defendant and driven by its employee. The case comes to this court on two bills of exceptions, one presenting exceptions taken at the trial in the Superior Court, and the other, exceptions to rulings made by the trial judge at hearings on the defendant’s motion for a new trial.
1. The plaintiff and his children were pushing a cart loaded with wood along a public street in Framingham on a winter’s night. They were proceeding westerly close to the right hand side of the macadam surface of a street forty feet wide. The road was dry, free of ice and lighted by street lamps, in the vicinity of one of which the accident happened. The defendant’s truck was travelling in the same direction with its headlights on. The driver testified that he saw nothing directly ahead of him in the street until just before the collision, when he saw something, what it was he did not know, put on his brakes and turned to the left, but there was a collision. He also testified that his speed was about twenty-five miles an hour, that when about one hundred feet away from the locus of the accident his vision was blinded by the headlights of an automobile coming in the opposite direction and that when he turned
The defendant excepted to the admission of, and later to the refusal by the court to strike out, an estimate, given during redirect examination by a witness called by the plaintiff, as to the speed of the defendant’s truck prior to the collision. On direct examination the witness had testified that he was walking easterly on the street in question facing the place of the accident which was about three hundred feet away, with a view of the street ahead of him for five or six hundred feet or more, and saw the plaintiff’s cart and the headlights of a vehicle approaching behind it which he could not say was the defendant’s truck though the jury were warranted in finding that to be the fact. An estimate of its speed given by him on direct examination was by agreement of counsel struck out when, under a skilful cross-examination, he testified that he first saw the plaintiff’s cart when it was five, six or ten feet from the point of collision, and that the time during which he had the headlights of the approaching vehicle under observation was the time taken for two snaps of one’s fingers, a matter of half a second or a few feet. On redirect examination he testified without objection that he had said on direct examination that he had seen the headlights when five hundred feet away, and that the point of collision was about three hundred feet away from him, and also testified that while the vehicle travelled the distance of two hundred feet he was watching it and had formed an opinion as to its speed. The defendant excepted to the admission of the witness’s estimate that its speed was thirty to thirty-five miles an hour. On recross-examination he testified that he had not said in direct examination that the defendant’s truck was five or six hundred feet away when he saw its headlights. The defendant excepted to the refusal of the
There are in the testimony of the witness in his various examinations inconsistent statements as to the distance the defendant’s truck travelled under his observation. We think it was for the jury to say whether in fact he did see the lights of the truck while it was going the distance of about two hundred feet and that it cannot be said as matter of law that the jury were obliged to find the distance to have been much less. Larson v. Boston Elevated Railway, 212 Mass. 262. Coyle v. Worcester Consolidated Street Railway, 273 Mass. 475, 476, 477, and cases cited. Nor should it have been ruled as matter of law that the witness who had driven automobiles for nine years, if he had observed the approaching headlights of the defendant’s truck while it traversed a distance of two hundred feet on a lighted street with which he was familiar, was unable to form an intelligent opinion as to speed which was sufficiently reliable to be of aid to the jury. Johnston v. Bay State Street Railway, 222 Mass. 583. Faulkner v. Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway, 277 Mass. 291.
There was evidence that as a result of his injuries the plaintiff had become mentally unsound. He was committed to the Westborough State Hospital within three weeks after the accident and was still there at the time of the trial. A doctor called as a witness by the defendant examined the plaintiff and testified that he was mentally normal and that he obtained a history of the plaintiff’s condition from the hospital records, parts of which were read to him by the assistant superintendent of the hospital. The witness was asked on direct examination what the assistant superintendent said about the plaintiff. Upon objection by the plaintiff there was a conference between the attorneys and the judge at the bench and thereafter the defendant took an exception to the refusal of the judge to permit the witness to answer the question. The bill of exceptions states that “there is no record of any formal offer of proof having been made.”
The judge found that the plaintiff’s claims regarding the results of his injuries and the fact that he was then confined to a hospital for the insane were known to the defendant and its counsel before the time of the trial and that by due diligence the defendant could have investigated the mental condition of the plaintiff prior to the accident and produced the evidence as to it at the trial. He also found that some of the facts presented in the affidavits were known to the defendant or its counsel at the time of the trial and that during the trial, which extended over several days, the, defendant had opportunity to investigate and discover such facts appearing in the affidavits and oral testimony as were at the opening of the trial unknown to the defendant.
Lack of diligence in discovering evidence asserted at a hearing on a motion for a new trial to be newly discovered is proper ground for its denial. Powers v. Bergman, 210 Mass. 346. Davis v. Boston Elevated Railway, 235 Mass. 482, 496. Brien v. Holyoke Street Railway, 257 Mass. 443. Evidence which could reasonably have been discovered by proper diligence is not newly discovered evidence. Berggren v. Mutual Life Ins. Co. of New York, 231 Mass. 173, 177. Reasonable prudence would ordinarily suggest to a defend
During the progress of the trial, as the records before us indicate, the defendant was in possession of sufficient information bearing on the matter of the plaintiff’s prior mentality to impel a prudent defendant, if he believed it worthy of credibility and helpful to the theory on which he chose to make a defence, to cause an adequate investigation then to be made, for which there was opportunity, as to the plaintiff’s mental state before the accident. The judge may well have believed that the defendant chose to rely on the opinion of the physicians employed by it that the plaintiff was mentally normal at the time of the trial rather than seek further evidence or to introduce that of which it had knowledge, to the effect that the plaintiff was not mentally normal before his injury.
In determining whether the defendant had knowledge or by the exercise of due diligence might have had knowledge of the existence of evidence of the character and substance of that appearing in the affidavits and oral testimony, the judge had the right to make use of the knowledge which he had of what took place at the trial. Berggren v. Mutual
It has been said that the fundamental test is that such motions ought not to be granted unless on a survey of the whole case it appears to the judge that otherwise a miscarriage of justice would result. Davis v. Boston Elevated Railway, 235 Mass. 482, 496. Berggren v. Mutual Life Ins. Co. of New York, 231 Mass. 173, 177. The record satisfies us that the denial of the motion in the present case after the application of such a test was not improper.
The judge was not obliged to pass upon most of the defendant’s requests since they were requests for findings of fact and he was not obliged to make findings of fact. Davis v. Boston Elevated Railway, 235 Mass. 482, 494. We find no error in the refusal to give any requests which involved rulings of law. The defendant’s exceptions appearing in the second bill of exceptions must be overruled.
Exceptions overruled.