135 S.E. 604 | W. Va. | 1926
This is an action of unlawful entry and detainer, wherein John W. Newsom, plaintiff below, prosecutes error here, from an adverse judgment in the circuit court of Mingo county.
On Dec. 8, 1917, W. T. Meade and wife, as lessors, entered into a written contract, under seal, with the plaintiff as lessee, respecting the lease of forty acres on the Fork Ridge in said county. The contract recited that the lessee had cleared about eighteen acres on the forty acre tract; and that "both the lessors and the lessee have purchased and planted thereon 1800 fruit trees within the last four years * * * and the parties hereto desire to enter into a formal agreement defining their respective rights in relation to said land and orchard." The contract then granted to the lessee "The right to use and occupy all of said forty acres of land for such time as he may desire, upon the following terms and conditions: (a) He shall look after and care for the said orchard, cultivate the land, trim and spray the trees * * * keep up the fences and protect the orchard and other property on the land against the trespassing and damage from stock and is not to allow any one to occupy said premises except himself or the members of his immediate *491 family, without the consent of the lessors." The contract also gave to the lessee the right to finish clearing the forty acre tract and to place improvements thereon. It provided for the payment of rental in the way of shares in the fruit and crops, and specified that in case of death of either the lessors or the lessee "the surviving representatives of the immediate family of either party shall have the benefit of this contract, so long as he or she may comply with the terms thereof."
By deed dated Apr. 3, 1923, W. T. Meade and wife conveyed to their son, the defendant herein, L. D. Meade, the forty acre tract. The defendant shortly afterwards moved on the tract. This suit was brought to oust him of possession.
The plaintiff testified that prior to the date of the contract he had purchased individually and planted on the forty acres 300 fruit trees; that from the date of the lease until the possession was taken by the defendant, he, the plaintiff, had looked after, cared for, trimmed and sprayed the trees, had fenced nearly all the tract and had protected the property from trespass from stock; had cultivated a portion of the cleared land each year and had paid or otherwise settled all the rent; that no one had been allowed to occupy the land except the sons of plaintiff; that the defendant had full information of the plaintiff's lease before securing his deed; that about Apr. 1, 1923, the plaintiff and his two sons were "clearing up and getting ready to plow" a portion of the leased land, when the defendant came "out there" and notified plaintiff of the deed and requested possession; that the plaintiff replied that possession would be given if he were paid for his claim on the place, and was told by defendant to "come down and we will try and settle"; that pending negotiations and without the assent of plaintiff, the defendant moved on the land; that nothing was paid plaintiff, and the defendant refused to restore possession.
The defendant made no denial of any statement of the plaintiff, but merely said that he told plaintiff he was going *492 to move in, that plaintiff did not object, and that his entry was peaceable.
No instructions were given for plaintiff, but the court gave two on behalf of defendant, which are as follows: "The Court instructs the jury that if you believe from the evidence in the case that the defendant, L. D. Meade, at the time of the purchase of the land in question did not know of the written contract between the plaintiff and W. T. Meade and wife, and that the deed from the said W. T. Meade and wife to the defendant L. D. Meade was recorded prior to the recordation of the contract or lease introduced in evidence by the plaintiff, then you will find for the defendant," and "The Court instructs the jury that if you believe from the evidence in the case that at the time the entry was made upon the land in question by the defendant that the same was vacant and that the said defendant entered the same peaceably and without violence or threats of violence, either by his behavior or speech, then you will find for the defendant.
The plaintiff testified that defendant knew of his lease. This statement was not traversed, and there is no evidence even tending to show that defendant did not know of it. It is error to give an instruction without some evidence to support it.State v. Donahue,
At common law "When the lease is made to hold at the will of the lessee, this must also be at the will of the lessor." Coke, Litt. 55a. This rule was recognized in Eclipse Oil Co. v. S. P.Oil Co.,
Here the labor of plaintiff and his purchase of fruit trees for the land were recognized by W. T. Meade as a valuable consideration, giving the plaintiff a right (apparently under some prior understanding between them) to the use of the land. Planting the orchard appears to have been a joint venture, which by the lease was entrusted to the plaintiff to consummate. He had a present and substantial interest in the place. His estate is therefore not a mere tenancy at will, revocable at the pleasure of the lessors, but a freehold estate, approximating a tenancy for life, determinable only at his instance or upon his violation of the conditions and terms of the lease. The common law rule in reference to estates at will, therefore does not apply here. Effinger v. Lewis,
The lease herein was in full force in April, 1923, when the defendant took possession of the land. There had been no abandonment by plaintiff, neither did he consent to the re-entry of the owner. Mitchell v. Carder,
The judgment of the lower court will accordingly be reversed and a new trial awarded the plaintiff.
Judgment reversed; new trial awarded.
