MEMORANDUM OF DECISION AND ORDER
I. INTRODUCTION
On July 24, 2015, the court entered two decisions in this adversary proceeding, in each instance ruling against New Products Corporation (the “Plaintiff’ or “New Products”). On August 6, 2015, New Products timely moved for reconsideration of the decisions by filing separate motions. The first motion seeks reconsideration of the court’s decision
The Stay Motion and the Reconsideration Motions are fully. briefed, and the court has determined to resolve them without oral argument.
II. ANALYSIS
1. Reconsideration Standards
The same standards govern both Reconsideration Motions. Generally speaking, reconsideration is available only in limited circumstances involving: (1) a clear error of law; (2) newly-discovered evidence; (3) intervening changes in controlling law; and (4) manifest injustice. See GenCorp. Inc. v. American Int’l Underwriters,
Motions for reconsideration are “not an opportunity to re-argue a case” and should not be used by the parties to “raise arguments which could, and should, have been made before judgment issued.”
2. The First Motion
In its First Motion, New Products amplifies and supplements its earlier opposition to the Defendants’ summary judgment motion, citing additional authority but nothing that involves a change in controlling law. The First Motion makes no suggestion about any newly-discovered evidence or, for that matter, manifest injustice. Rather, it simply cites additional authorities that were available before the court entered its Summary Judgment Order. Even if the newly-cited authorities qualified as a “change” or as “controlling” so as to warrant a second bite at the apple (which they do not), they are not particularly persuasive.
For the most part, the newly-cited authorities regarding the interpretation of assignments follow the same path the court took by scrutinizing the assignment language using principles of contract interpretation. Not surprisingly, the courts identified in the First Motion reached a different conclusion because the assignment language in each case was broader than in the present. The Stewardship Credit case, for example, relied on assignment language that conveyed not just the loan documents, but “causes of action” related thereto. See Stewardship Credit Arbitrage Fund LLC v. Charles Zucker Culture Pearl Corp., 31 Misc.3d 1223A,
New Products’s untimely citation to Sweet v. Clay,
Sweet merely recognized a bedrock principle of fraudulent conveyance law, albeit without citing the statute in effect at the time: “every conveyance, charge, instrument, or proceeding declared by law to be void as against creditors or purchasers, shall be equally void as against the heirs, successors, personal representatives or assigns of such creditors or purchasers.” 2 How. Ann. St. § 6205 (1883) (emphasis added). Against this background, and given the facts before the court, it is not surprising the Sweet court permitted the assignee to sue insiders who tried to profit from transactions intended to hinder, delay, or defraud the assignor.
The court, however, does not read Sweet as undercutting the contractual nature of an assignment or the role that contract interpretation principles must play in resolving disputes about the scope of an assignment, as several of the cases cited by New Products confirm. Although remedies combatting fraudulent conveyances might automatically follow an assignment as a matter of law, the court adheres to the contractual approach of Macomb Interceptor Drainage Dist. v. Kilpatrick,
Nor, for that matter, does Pazdzierz v First Am. Title Ins. Co. (In re Pazdzierz),
The First Motion pays only lip service to the standards governing reconsideration, and is an obvious and ultimately unsuccessful attempt to amplify its original papers with untimely argument. The Summary Judgment Order will stand.
3. The Second Motion
In its Second Motion, New Products complains that the court made incomplete and inaccurate findings leading up to the Discovery Order, and did not separate its legal conclusions from its factual findings.
In reaching its decision to shift the costs from the non-parties to New Products and its counsel, the court cited Muslim Community Ass’n of Ann Arbor v. Pittsfield Charter Twp., Slip Op. No. 12-CV-10803,
The costs that the court shifted were admittedly significant, but under the circumstances, the court exercised its discretion to shift enough of the costs to New Products and its counsel so that the remaining cost to the non-parties would be, in the words of two Courts of Appeals, “non-significant.” See Legal Voice v. Stormans, Inc.,
The court cannot say for certain how much of the non-parties’' significant expense of compliance would have been avoided had Mr. Demorest fulfilled his duty to mitigate the burdens of the subpoenas.- Consequently, it determined to impose the burden of that uncertainty upon the persons who created it — Mr. Demorest and his client — by shifting the significant compliance costs to them both.
For example, had Mr. Demorest meaningfully engaged with Dickinson Wright to develop an ESI protocol for the Bank of America subpoena, some or all of the Huron Consulting expense might have been ■avoided. Indeed, Mr. Demorest himself implies that a more targeted search might have cost as little as $190.00. See Second Motion at p. 17. Similarly, had he simply requested Mr. Siravo’s work file (rather than ten years of documents in numerous categories from the entire Bank of America organization), it seems reasonably likely that any follow-up requests would have been more limited’ and, therefore, less burdensome to the bank. As for some of the other subpoenas, had Mr. Demorest refrained from serving them on lawyers and a law firm (and instead sought documents directly from the affected clients first), it is conceivable that much of the expense of privilege review might have been avoided while securing the information that his client could legitimately expect to obtain.
Because his own misbehavior made it impossible to establish what portion of the - compliance costs might have been avoided had he taken meaningful steps to limit the burdens of the subpoenas, the court visited
The balance of the Second Motion largely seeks to exploit immaterial defects in the court’s decision,
Similarly, New Products chides the court for finding that Bank of America and the Harbor Shores entities paid the Dickinson Wright invoices,
The court finds in the Second Motion no basis for disturbing the Discovery Order.
4. The Stay Motion
New Products and its counsel cite Rules 7062 and 8007 in support of an order staying the Discovery Order. More specifically, they ask the court to stay any effort to
Rule 62 applies in adversary proceedings, according to Rule 7062.
(b) Stay Pending the Disposition of a Motion. On appropriate terms for the opposing party’s security, the court may stay the execution of a judgment — or any proceedings to enforce it — pending disposition of any of the following motions:
(3) under Rule 59, for a new trial or to alter or amend a judgment ...
Fed.R.Civ.P. 62(b) (emphasis added). Putting aside the probably-fatal fact that New Products proposed no security, the italicized phrase demonstrates that relief under Rule 62(b) is available only “pending disposition” of the enumerated post-judgment motions, such as the Second Motion (ostensibly premised on Rule 59). By resolving the Second Motion and the Stay Motion promptly and simultaneously, the court will render the Stay Motion moot, at least to the extent premised on Rule 62(b).
To the extent that New Products and its counsel seek to stay enforcement of the Discovery Order for 14 days beyond disposition of the Second Motion, they must look to a rule other than Rule 62(b).
The only other rule cited in the Stay Motion to support a stay of the Discovery Order is Rule 8007.
More specifically, under Rule 8007(a) or (e), New Products must establish (1) the likelihood that the party seeking the stay will prevail on the merits of the appeal; (2) the likelihood that the moving party will be irreparably harmed absent a stay, (3) the prospect that others will be harmed if the court grants the stay, and (4) the public interest in granting the stay.
For the reasons given above with respect to the Second Motion, the court is not persuaded that New Products has a likelihood of success on appeal from the Discovery Order.
Moreover, although New Products and its counsel may be harmed if they pay the funds as directed in the Discovery Order (and if it turns out that the court erred in so- ordering), the resulting harm hardly seems “irreparable.” In the event of reversal, repayment from an international banking giant is eminently likely, and New Products has given the court no reason to
As for the prospect of harm to others, the targets of New Products’s subpoenas have already been harmed in the court’s view by having to shoulder the expense of New Products’s discovery requests. Postponing the relief prescribed in the Discovery Order would only continue that harm.
Finally, the court perceives no meaningful public interest in granting a stay. On balance,
III. CONCLUSION AND ORDER
The court previously considered and rejected New Products’s strongest argument, namely that by filing their objections under Rule 45(d)(2)(B) the Recipients were absolved from complying with the subpoenas, and should have refrained from doing so. The court will not penalize the good faith cooperation of Dickinson Wright and its clients, and irrespective of the timing of the production, the court interprets Rule 45 as requiring it to shift the significant and reasonable expenses of a non-party’s document production to the party requesting the information. New Products seems to argue, based on its reading of Rule 45(d)(2)(B), that it should have the documents produced in response to the subpoenas without paying the significant expenses in compiling them. Adopting this “have your cake and eat it, too” approach to Rule 45(d)(2)(B) would lead to a windfall for New Products at the expense of non-parties, promoting gamesmanship, incivility, delay and expense, contrary to the tenor of the federal rules and the better aspirations of practitioners in this District.
The court has considered the other arguments that New Products has advanced in support of the Reconsideration Motions and the Stay Motion and finds them without merit.
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED as follows:
1. The First Motion (DN 150) is DENIED;
2. The Second Motion (DN 151) is DENIED; and
3. The Stay Motion (DN 154) is DENIED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk shall serve a copy of this Memorandum of Decision and Order pursuant to Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9022 and LBR 5005-4 upon Melissa L. Demorest, Esq., Mark S. Demorest, Esq., John Chester Fish, Esq., Cody H. Knight, Esq., Elizabeth M. Von Eitzen, Esq., Daniel F. Gosch, Esq., Scott Knapp, Esq., Mathew Cheney, Esq., and the United States Trustee.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Notes
. See Memorandum of Decision and Order dated July 23, 2015 (the "Summary Judgment Order,” DN 139).
. See Memorandum of Decision and Order dated July 23, 2015 (the "Discovery Order,” DN138).
.The court will refer to the First Motion and Second Motion collectively as the "Reconsideration Motions.”
. See, e.g., FDIC v. Burke, Slip Op. No. 12-7398,
. Indeed, the Michigan Supreme Court in Jones v. Hicks,
. Current law, though using different phrasing, continues this idea. See M.C.L. § 566.34 ("[a] transfer made ... by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor, whether the creditor's claim arose before or after the transfer was made ... if the debtor made the transfer ... [w]ith actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud any creditor of the debtor.”).
. Although the court made factual findings in resolving the discovery motions, it is not required to separately state factual and legal conclusions in motion practice. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 52(a)(3).
. In this opinion, a reference to a two-digit rule (e.g., "Rule 45”) means one of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, as indicated, and a reference to a four-digit rule means one of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure.
. The court proceeded in this fashion primarily to express its view, which it holds today, that New Products's opposition to the motion for protective order was not substantially justified, should an appellate court favor the rationale of Morreale Hotels over Muslim Community Ass'n.
. For example, the court’s opinion includes the following, technically incorrect, observation: “Again, instead of signing, negotiating, ■ or in any way responding to the Objection, Proposed Protective Order, or this latest correspondence, on October 14, 2014, Mr. De-morest served Dickinson Wright with yet another subpoena duces tecum pursuant to Rule 45, this time against their client, Evergreen Development Company (“Evergreen”), another past potential purchaser of the Property.” See Discovery Order at p. 6 (emphasis added). This sentence is technically inaccurate, as New Products served Evergreen, not Dickinson Wright. Nevertheless, the circumstances surrounding service of the Evergreen were never material. See Fed. R. Bankr.9005. Rather, the point of that observation was that New Products and its counsel steadfastly ignored the legitimate concerns that Dickinson Wright lawyers had expressed about the scope of the original subpoenas, issuing a similarly burdensome subpoena on another entity (Evergreen) that, after years of litigation, Mr. Demorest almost certainly knew to be a client of the Dickinson Wright firm.
. It is specious to argue, as New Products does, that the unrebutted testimony of Mr. Gosch, without more, is insufficient to establish payment of the invoices. Testimony and documents are both competent evidence of payment and the rules do not favor one form over another. The court credited Mr. Gosch’s testimony.
. For purposes of the Stay Motion, the court assumes that the Discovery Order is appeal-able, and therefore a "judgment” within the scope of Rule 62. See Fed. R. Bankr.P. 9001(7) (defining "judgment” as any "appeal-able order”).
. New Products has not filed a notice of appeal, but this procedural fact does not foreclose relief under Rule 8007. See Fed. R. Bankr.P. 8007(a)(2). Strictly speaking, however, New Products has not asked for a stay pending appeal, but only during the court’s consideration of the Second Motion, and for 14 days thereafter.
. See In re DeLorean Motor Co.,