460 N.E.2d 149 | Ind. Ct. App. | 1983
Plaintiff-appellant New Prairie Classroom Teachers Association (NPCTA) appeals the LaPorte County Court's judgment for defendants-appellees Susan Stewart, et al., (teachers) in 37 small claims actions consolidated for trial wherein the NPCTA sought to collect a "fair share fee" from the teachers who were not dues-paying members of NPCTA.
We reverse.
ISSUE
1. Whether the trial court erred in determining the fair share representation fee clause at issue was not enforceable against the non-member teachers under the Certificated Educational Employees Bargaining Act. -
FACTS
NPCTA is the recognized exclusive representative of teachers employed by the New Prairie United School Corporation (school board) under the Certificated Educational Employee Bargaining Act (CEE-BA). NPCTA and the school board executed a collective bargaining agreement for the period July 1, 1980, through June 30, 1983, which provides in part:
Paragraph 1.
The Board and Association agree that all members of the bargaining unit who are not also members of the Association have an obligation to pay a representation fee to the Association, including the Indiana State Teachers Association and the National Education Association.
Paragraph 2.
By October 1 of each year, the Association shall provide the Board with a list of bargaining unit members who are not also Association members, and the Board shall request each person to submit an original individual enrollment form, within a reasonable time. Upon return of such signed form to the Board, the Board will deduct the representation fee in 22 equal installments from the payroll of each person who submits an authorization. Persons who refuse to sign an authorization form or who revoke an exe*150 cuted form have a continuing enforceable obligation to pay the representation fee directly to the Association; however, the employer shall be under no obligation whatsoever to enforce the terms of this Section. (4.6).
Paragraph 3.
The Association recognizes that no member of the bargaining unit should be forced to contribute financial support to political or ideological activities of the Association unrelated to collective bargaining, contract administration, and grievance adjustment or unrelated to its duties as exclusive bargaining representative.
Paragraph 4.
The parties agree that the provisions of this Article (IV) will not be enforced against any person who initiates proceedings challenging the legality of this Article, or who is a party thereto, pending final disposition of such proceedings, except that the representation fee may be collected by the Board, and held in escrow, provided such employee so consents.
Paragraph 5.
The Association, including the local, the Indiana State Teachers Association and the National Education Association agree to "hold harmless" the New Prairie United School Corporation, its School Board, employees, agents and assigns, as to all claims that may arise in litigation resulting from the implementation of this provision or attempted implementation. Said Associations agree to pay all costs of, such litigation, including court costs, attorney fees, judgments, penalties and interest. Prior to performance by the employer of any obligation it may have under this Article, the Employer may demand such written security, bonds, or assurances, it deems reasonable, that said Associations will comply with this section, and said Associations shall agree to execute same.
These 37 teachers refused to sign payroll deduction authorization forms or otherwise pay representation fees to NPCTA. NPCTA is affiliated with the Indiana State Teachers Association (ISTA) and the National Educational Association (NEA). For the 1980-81 school year, a member of NPCTA paid $198 dues which were distributed to these organizations as follows:
NPCTA $ 20
ISTA $133
NEA $ 45.
NPCTA instituted these 37 small claims actions to recover a representation fee of $198, subject to a later rebate by ISTA and NEA in the amounts of $1.40 and $4.63 respectively for political activities. The trial court entered judgment for the 37 nonmember teachers and NPCTA appeals.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
This case is controlled by Fort Wayne Education Association, Inc. v. Goetz, (1982) Ind.App., 448 N.E.2d 364 (trans. dism'd.). On substantially similar facts Miller, J., writing for the court, said
Here, the Association negotiated ... an "agency shop" provision. An agency shop is defined as requiring, as a condition of employment, nonunion member employees to pay fees to a union for services rendered as their bargaining representative but not otherwise requiring membership. See Cooper v. General Dynamics, Convair Aerospace Division, (5th Cir.1976) 533 F.2d 163, cert. denied (1977) 433 U.S. 908, 97 S.Ct. 2972, 53 L.Ed.2d 1091; (Gorman, supra, at 641-42; G. Rose, Understanding Labor Relations 197 (1962). ... It can no longer be gainsaid that public school teachers possess the constitutional right to associate in labor organizations, as provided by the First Amendment. (citations omitted) Equally clear is an individual's right of choice not to associate himself with a particular organization or idealo-gy. (citations omitted) However, in the action herein, the Master Contract provision does not require membership in the Association. It merely requires that nonmember teachers carry their financial burden in return for the benefits they receive from the Association's activities*151 as their exclusive representative. This monetary assessment is not, of itself, unconstitutional. As the United States Supreme Court has stated, and recently reaffirmed, "We hold that the requirement for financial support of the collective-bargaining agency by all who receive the benefits of its work ... does not violate ... the First ... Amendmen[t]." Railway Employees' Department v. Hanson, (1956) 351 U.S. 225, 238, 76 S.Ct. 714, 721, 100 L.Ed. 1112; Abood v. Detroit Board of Education, supra, [1977] 431 U.S. [209] at 219, 97 S.Ct. [1782] at 1791 [52 L.Ed.2d 261].
The rationale in support of agency shop agreements is the elimination of "free riders," those nonmembers who partake of the benefits engendered by their labor representative without paying their share of the costs. NLRB v. General Motors Corp., supra [ (1963) 373 U.S. 734, 83 S.Ct. 1453, 10 L.Ed.2d 670]; International Association of Machinists v. Street, (1961) 367 U.S. 740, 81 S.Ct. 1784, 6 L.Ed.2d 1141.
Tbid., at 868-869.
The agency shop agreement between NPCTA and the school board as to payment of representation fees to NPCTA was authorized by law, constitutional, and binding upon non-member teachers. Thus, the trial court erred in holding otherwise.
Reversed and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.