77 Ind. App. 98 | Ind. Ct. App. | 1920
Action, by appellee to recover on a policy of life insurance issued by appellant to the husband of appellee, and in which she is named as the beneficiary. The policy was issued on April 7, 1911, and stipulated that appellant company, in consideration of the application upon which the policy was issued, and “of the payment in advance of $30.90” by the insured, and “the payment of a like sum on or before the seventh day of April in every year thereafter’ during the life of the insured until nineteen annual premiums have been paid,” would upon proof of the death of insured pay to appellee, as beneficiary, the sum of $1,000. It was further stipulated in the policy that: “In case any of said premiums, or any premium note or notes given for said premiums, are not paid when due and payable, this policy shall cease to be in force.” The policy also contained the provision that after it had been in force one year, “a grace of thirty-one days, without interest shall be granted for the payment of premiums.” When the policy was delivered, insured paid to appellant the sum of $9.90, in cash, and executed and delivered to appellant company his three separate promissory notes, ea'ch for the sum of $7 with interest at six per cent, per annum, and due respectively in three, six, and nine months after date, each of said notes containing the recital that it was “for part’of premium on policy No. 234,533 of said company; but this note, if not paid at maturity, is not to be considered as payment of said premium, and said policy will thereupon without notice become forfeited and void.” At the time it received the $9.90, in cash, and the notes, appellant gave to the insured the following receipt:
“Received of William H. Brooks, cash, $9.90; notes $21.00 on account of the first premium on policy No. 234533 as per margin. This receipt is given and accepted, subject to this, express condition, viz.: that it*101 shall not cover any deferred part of the policy year for which a note or notes, as stated in the margin, have been given by the insured, until said note or notes shall have been paid in cash; and if said note or notes or any one of them are not paid when due and payable, said policy shall thereupon without further notice become forfeited and void.”
The first of the three notes matured July 7, 1911, and was paid by insured by check dated August 7, 1911; such check being drawn on the Terre Haute Trust Company to the order of William L. Horne who was appellant’s general agent for the territory including insured’s residence. The second note became due October 7, 1911, and was paid by insured by a similar check of that date. The third note, which matured January 7, 1912, was never paid, and no tender of payment was made until January 25, 1912, when it was refused. In the meantime, on January 16, 1912, the insured died, and this action followed, appellant having refused to pay the death claim.
The one question involved in this appeal is whether or not the failure of the insured to pay the third premium note when due, avoided the insurance contract.This question was raised by exceptions to many rulings of the trial court, all of which are presented by proper assignments of error. It will not be necessary to discuss separately the various alleged errors.
It is well established, that an express provision in a policy of life insurance, that if the premium or premium notes are not paid in accordance with the terms of the policy, the same shall be void, is a provision that is enforceable, in the absence of a statutory enactment to the contrary. Forbes v. Union Cent. Life Ins. Co. (1898), 151 Ind. 89, 51 N. E. 84; Public Savings Ins. Co. v. Coombes (1915), 59 Ind. App. 528, 108 N. E. 244. Appellee concedes the correctness
The statute cited by appellant provides that “no policy of life insurance shall be issued or delivered in this state * * *, unless the same shall provide the following: (1) That all premiums shall be payable in advance,” etc. It is urged by appellee, that, under this statute, if an insurance company elects to accept promissory notes in lieu of a part of any such premium, it accepts such notes in payment of the premium, and must so treat the same.
It will be observed, that the statute does not provide that insurance premiums shall be paid “annually” in advance. There is no prohibition against the payment of annual premiums in quarterly installments; nor does the statute prohibit the taking of premium notes, and for the forfeiture of the policy upon default in the payment of such notes, as was done in this case. The statute, which provides no penalty for its violation, directs that all premiums on life insurance policies shall be “payable” in advance. As a matter of fact, at the time the policy was issued, the premium was paid in cash in advance for the first three months; and if the notes due and payable three, six, and nine months after date had all been paid in accordance with the agreement of the parties, the full amount of the first year’s premium would have been fully paid in
The stipulation in the policy that it had been issued in consideration “of the payment in advance of $30.90, * * *' and the payment of a like sum on or before the seventh day of April in every year thereafter,” must be read in connection with the provision that, “in case any of said premiums, or any premium note or notes given for said premiums, are not paid when due and payable, this policy shall cease to be in force;” and in connection with the recitals in the notes, and the receipt for the notes, which provide for a forfeiture in the event of a default in the payment of the notes or any of them; when so read, the stipulation does not estop the company from showing, as a matter of fact, that the payment of the full amount of such premium was not made at the time the policy was issued; but that, for a part of the annual premium, the three notes executed by the insured were accepted by the company. Pitt, Admx., v. Berkshire Life Ins. Co. (1868), 100 Mass. 500; Williams v. Empire Mutual Ins. Co. (1910), 8 Ga. App. 303, 68 S. E. 1082; Satterfield V. Fidelity Mut. Life Ins. Co. (1911), 171 Ala. 429, 55 South. 200. There is no recital in the policy that the first annual premium had been paid by the insured, and no acknowledgement on the part of the company of the payment of such premium.
Guided by the law as laid down in the foregoing authorities, we hold that, under the facts as shown by the evidence in this case, which evidence is all documentary and without conflict, there wap no course of dealing between appellant and the insured as to the payment of premiums which would amount to an implied agreement that there would be no forfeiture of the policy if the premium note due January 7, 1912, was not paid at maturity, and' which would require the company to accept payment of the note, after the death of the insured. The verdict of the jury, therefore, is not sustained by sufficient evidence, and is contrary to law.
The cause is reversed, with instructions to grant a new trial.