In this case, a taxpayer appealed to the New Castle County Board of Assessment Review (the “Board”), seeking a reduction in the assessed valuation of a commercial property located in Wilmington, Delaware. The Board dismissed the appeal based upon the taxpayer’s failure to present competent evidence of overvaluation. The Superior Court reversed and, since the New Castle County Department of Finance (the “County”) had not presented any evidence of the property’s value, the Superior Court ordered that the property be reassessed at the amount urged by the taxpayer.
There are two issues to be decided on appeal to this Court: (i) whether the taxpayer’s appraisal, and related testimony, which evaluated the leased value of the property, constituted competent evidence of value for purposes of a property tax assessment; and (ii) whether the Superior Court erred in setting a new assessed value for the property without hearing any evidence from the County. We hold that, in an appeal from a property tax assessment, any methods of valuation that are generally accepted in the financial community for determining the fair market value of real property constitute competent evidence that may be considered by the Board. With respect to the second issue, the Superior Court may hear new evidence, including evidence that was not presented by the County at the Board level, but it is not required to do so. The County never requested the opportunity to supplement the record, and we find no error in the Superior Court’s decision to rely on the taxpayer’s unrebutted evidence.
I. FACTS
Excelsior Associates, L.P.
1
(the “taxpayer”) filed its assessment appeal with the Board in March 1994. The property in question is a lot with a ten-story office building located at 824 Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware. The taxpayer purchased the lot in 1982 and constructed the building during the following year. The assessed value of the land and building was $19,370,500 prior
The Superior Court gave a thorough description of the appraiser’s valuation methods, assumptions and adjustments.
See Excelsior Associates, L.P. v. New Castle County Department of Finance, et al.,
Del.Super., C.A. No. 94A-08-001,
To determine the leased fee value of the property, AAC used the three traditional valuation methods — cost, sales comparison, and income capitalization. With each valuation method, AAC used two different approaches to determine the value as of July 1, 1983. First, it considered data and economic conditions in 1983 to arrive at a 1983 value. Second, it valued the property as of January, 1994, and then trended back to a 1983 value. The values thus derived represented the fee simple fair market value as determined by each of the methodologies. AAC then adjusted the fee simple fair market value, using a 20 percent discount, to arrive at the leased fee value of the property.
Timmons testified that the deduction represented the loss in value attributable to the property’s high vacancy rate. At the time of the appraisal, more than 40 percent of the office space was unoccupied. The high va-caney rate not only meant that the property’s income stream was reduced, but also that the owner would be forced to incur significant “leasing up” expenses in order to obtain new tenants. AAC determined that a 20 percent discount would properly account for these adverse factors.
II. COMPETENT EVIDENCE OF FAIR MARKET VALUE
It is settled law that real estate tax assessments must be based on the property’s true value in money, 9
DelC.
§ 8306(a), which is the same as its fair market value.
Delaware Racing Ass’n. v. McMahon,
Del.Supr.,
In this case, although the taxpayer advocated a leased fee value, the AAC appraisal included the fee simple value, as determined by all three traditional valuation approaches. AAC concluded that the leased fee value of the property was $11.3 million. The appraisal also estimated fee simple mar
The trial court carefully considered the appropriateness of using a leased fee value and concluded:
[U]se of actual rent (or in this case lack of any rent), as opposed to market rent, is in line with the definition of a leased fee analysis, rather than a fee simple analysis. The Court finds that the definition of “fair market value,” when an assessment involves a commercial investment property is also more in fine with the use of a leased fee valuation. A buyer and seller, when determining the price of an income-producing property, will be primarily interested in the income likely to be produced by the leases. In turn, the actual rents charged, as well as whether large portions of the property are unleased are certain to be taken into consideration. Therefore, the Court finds that Excelsior’s use of a leased fee analysis to determine the value of the Property did not, in and of itself, cause the valuation to fail as competent evidence of substantial overvaluation of the Property.
Excelsior Associates, L.P. v. New Castle County Department of Finance, et al., supra at 18-19.
We agree that the taxpayer presented competent evidence of overvaluation to the Board and that it was error for the Board to dismiss the taxpayer’s appeal. However, we do so without approving or disapproving the “leased fee value” approach used by AAC. As noted earlier, the statutory mandate is that real estate be assessed for tax purposes at its fair market value. In
Seaford
this Court noted the importance of accurate valuation, discussed the three principal valuation methods, and stressed the desirability of using all three valuation approaches “to the extent the circumstances of a specific property will permit.”
Seaford,
We reaffirm that principle and conclude that it would be helpful to articulate, in general terms, what constitutes “competent evidence of valuation.” In the context of corporate valuations, the so-called “Delaware Block” method of valuing stock, or a company, was replaced in 1983 with a “more liberal approach [allowing] proof of value by any techniques or methods which are generally considered acceptable in the financial community and otherwise admissible in court_”
Weinberger v. UOP, Inc.,
Del.Supr.,
This holding may eliminate or limit, to the extent feasible, preliminary skirmishes on the issue of whether the taxpayer’s evidence constitutes competent evidence of value for purposes of
overcoming
the presumption that the assessed value is accurate.
See Fitzsimmons v. McCorkle,
Del.Supr.,
In this case, for example, the Board should have accepted AAC’s appraisal and found that the taxpayer had presented competent evidence of overvaluation. At the full hearing, if the County had presented contrary evidence, the Board could have concluded, among other things, that the County’s evidence of value was more persuasive, or that
III. THE COUNTY’S FAILURE TO PRESENT EVIDENCE
At the Board hearing, the County moved to dismiss after the taxpayer presented its evidence. The County indicated to the Board that it had “information” to present, but no evidence was offered, as the Board granted the motion to dismiss. On appeal to the Superior Court, the County made no request to “present any new or different evidence” pursuant to 9 DelC. § 8312. Even after the Superior Court decided in favor of the taxpayer, based upon the taxpayer’s unrebutted evidence, the County did not move for reargument or for relief from the judgment. See Super.Ct.Civ.R. 59, 60. In short, the County made a tactical decision not to ask the Superior Court for the opportunity to present evidence in support of the original assessment.
Issues that are not fairly presented to the trial court will not be heard on appeal except when the interests of justice so require. Supr.Ct.R. 8.;
Wilmington Trust Company v. Conner,
Del.Supr.
Based upon the foregoing, the judgment of the Superior Court is AFFIRMED.
Notes
. By Order dated April 11, 1995, Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association ("TIAA”) was substituted for Excelsior Associates, L.P., as appel-lee.
. For
uniformity, New Castle Counly determines all property values as of a base year, currently set at July 1, 1983.
Tatten Partners v. New Castle Connty,
Del.Super.,
. Although the County commented to the Board that it had "a lot of information” to present, Appellant’s Appendix A-209, no offer of proof was made to the Board and nothing has been submitted to this Court.
