81 N.Y. 296 | NY | 1880
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Upon various grounds I think this appeal must stand. The plaintiff was required to state in his complaint the facts constituting his cause of action; in other words, the facts upon which his right depended, and the facts which constituted the defendants' wrongful act. He assumed to do so. If no answer had been put in, he would have been entitled to judgment. And why? He alleged the existence of a copartnership between himself and the defendant Kohlberg, under the firm name of L.H. Neudecker Co., by virtue of written articles entered into April 1, 1867; the transaction of a prosperous business thereunder until September 22, 1868, and that these facts were known to Kohlberg's co-defendants. He thus exhibited a right to the continuance of that business without molestation or hindrance from the defendants, and a duty on their part not to interrupt it. For every person is under a legal obligation to abstain from injuring the property of another, or infringing any of his rights. He next alleges a breach of that duty, or wrongful acts on the part of the defendants, viz., that they entered into a conspiracy to break up this business, and to abstract and take therefrom the capital of. Kohlberg, and to injure and destroy the business credit and reputation of the plaintiff; that the defendants, Rosenbaums and Brandenstein, in pursuance of this conspiracy, and to carry it into execution, commenced an action in the Supreme Court against Kohlberg, and Kohlberg offered judgment therein which was accepted, and judgment entered for $27,592.52. It was enforced by execution. Now, it is obvious that all this might be true and no cause of action have accrued; for it is consistent with the existence of a just debt due from Kohlberg to his co-defendants, and whatever their motive may have been in prosecuting it, or his in expediting judgment against himself, it would furnish no legal cause of complaint, no matter how great *300
the injury might be to other parties from its enforcement by no other than legal methods. For while bound to respect the rights of other persons, they were at liberty to enforce their own, although by so doing those others might be damaged. (Hale v.Omaha National Bank,
When the plaintiff rested, the objection was fairly made by the defendants' counsel, on motion to dismiss the complaint, that the plaintiff's case as stated in the complaint had not been proved at all. No request was made to amend the complaint, and the learned trial judge should, we think, have dismissed it.
Second. But the claim now made for the plaintiff is that the debt, "although contracted, was not due." Conceding this to be so, it was in the power of the debtor, and his right to waive the running of the credit, and permit the debt to be deemed and treated as due and payable at once (Parker v. City ofSyracuse,
Third. The character of the action was determined by the complaint. (Welsh v. Darragh,
Fourth. Under the charge of the trial judge, the jury may have found that credit for two years was agreed to be given to Kohlberg by his co-defendants, for the sum loaned him, and that this was part of the partnership agreement, including, therefore, the plaintiff as party to that arrangement. It is true that no such contract is alleged in the complaint, and it was not within the issue, but the evidence given by the plaintiff, though very slight, still tends to show that before the partnership was formed, and while that matter was under consideration, the plaintiff was assured by the defendant Rosebaum, that if he, the plaintiff, would take Kohlberg into partnership, he, Rosebaum, would lend Kohlberg, "$25,000 for the term of two years," that this was assented to, and articles of partnership executed between the plaintiff and Kohlberg, specifying two years as the term of its duration, and the capital was then contributed, viz.: $5,000 by the plaintiff, and this sum of $25,000 by Kohlberg that the articles were read by Rosebaum, and thereupon the new firm commenced business. The money was in substance advanced by the defendants Rosebaum Co., and is the same for the recovery of which, before the expiration of the two years, and on the 21st of September, 1868, they commenced the action against Kohlberg, and he consenting, took judgment therefor on the 22d of September, 1868, and for its enforcement issued an execution, which was levied upon the interest of Kohlberg in the partnership effects. Leaving out of view now the question of conspiracy, and pleading, it may be conceded that here was a breach by the defendant Rosebaum of the agreement made by him, and on the faith of *303 which the plaintiff had acted; and that for any injury resulting to the plaintiff therefrom, he would be entitled in some form of action to recover damages. But what injury is he shown to have suffered? Upon his evidence the business of the firm was prosperous, his profits $2,800, his capital $5,000, unimpaired. On the contrary the referee who took the account of the receiver, as of September 22, 1868, the receiver himself, having been formerly the clerk of the plaintiff, and receiving his appointment in the plaintiff's suit, finds that up to that day "all the profits, and probably some portion of the capital, have been absorbed in the payment of losses sustained by the firm," and further, as a distinct finding, upon that question being brought directly to his attention, says "that no profits have been made." In submitting the case to the jury the trial judge said: "The claim is for the loss of the amount contributed, and an allegation that there were profits to the amount of $2,800; and this is what appears to me to be an imaginary claim for profits, which are necessarily in their nature uncertain, which may or may not take place, being uncertain and depending on a variety of contingencies. * * * If you deem the plaintiff's case is proved, you will give such damages as you deem justifiable." The verdict was for $5,000.
The plaintiff's counsel contends that this was given to indemnify the plaintiff for loss of capital. I am unable to discover evidence on which to warrant a finding that this loss was due to the judgment and execution. The plaintiff gave the estimated profits, and probable result of the business. He spoke by the books. But loss had been sustained, liabilities incurred, and the referee, whose account is stated as of the day business was closed, finds quite the contrary. In addition to this there was an attachment levied on all the goods in the firm's hands, on the 18th of September. The sheriff had possession, and there is nothing to show that the defendants' proceedings were, rather than these events, the cause of loss to the plaintiff. How they were injurious is left to speculation. In addition to these things, the plaintiff himself, on the 24th of September, 1868, commenced proceedings for the *304 dissolution of the firm, and the appointment of a receiver, alleging, among other causes therefor, the attachment above referred to. But it does not appear that the verdict was not in part made up of supposed loss of profits. The judge refused to charge the jury that there were none, or that the finding of the referee was conclusive upon that subject. Whether there were profits or not was at most wholly conjectural.
Upon another trial, if upon proper pleadings one shall be had, other evidence may be produced upon the point here considered, and a further discussion of that now before us cannot be necessary, for there is none from which it could be justly inferred, either that the business was in fact wound up in a manner prejudicial to the plaintiff, or that the result would have made a better showing had the winding up occurred six months later, when, by its terms, the copartnership would have expired, or that the premature stoppage of business, even if caused by the judgment and execution, rather than the precedent attachment, prevented the plaintiff from receiving the profits already earned, if there were any, or his capital. There was no question made as to future profits, nor was that matter presented to the jury, as in Bagley v. Smith (
Fifth. The court also erred in admitting, against the objection of the defendants, the answer in the attachment suit. The attachment was in evidence, and was a circumstance to be considered as bearing upon the condition of the plaintiff's business at the time the execution upon the defendants' judgment against Kohlberg was issued. The answer of the defendants in the attachment suit could have no bearing upon any issue before the court. It denied the allegation in the complaint in the *305
suit in which it issued, and set up matter which, if true, might well induce the jury to believe that the proceeding was without foundation, and to the plaintiff's injury. By admitting the evidence, the jury were authorized to regard it as relevant and competent to repel the force of facts proven by the defendants. It had no such just tendency, but was only calculated to mislead and prejudice the jury. Its admission was, therefore, an error, which cannot now be disregarded. (O'Hagan v. Dillon,
The judgment appealed from should be reversed, and a new trial ordered, with costs to abide the event.
All concur.
Judgment reversed.