64 So. 286 | La. | 1914
William Martin, about 8:15 p. m. on February 12, 1912, left his place of business near the corner of Carondelet and Canal streets, and, while hurrying to catch a ear, ran against a small wire rope, which had heen strung on posts along the outer edge of the sidewalk in Canal street at the instance of the municipal authorities of the city of New Orleans.
The wire rope was stretched several feet above the level of the sidewalk. Martin fell over the rope, and struck the pavement with such force as to cause a dislocation of the bones of his neck. Martin expired in a taxicab while on his way to his home.
Martin’s widow and minor children instituted this suit to recover damages in the amount of $25,000.
Petitioners represent that the wire rope was intended to keep back crowds of persons while the carnival processions were passing' along Canal street; that the city was grossly negligent in erecting said barrier four days
The defendant, after pleading the general issue, specially averred as follows:
“Respondent avers that in the exercise of its police power it did cause to be constructed a wire rope along the principal streets of the city of New Orleans on or about the 12th day of February, 1912; that the stretching of this wire rope during the Mardi Gras season was in the interest of the general public, in which the city of New Orleans had no pecuniary interest, and, instead of being a negligent act, the officials of the city of New Orleans had every reason to believe it was a wise and prudent forethought to protect the general public and preserve the order and discipline of the Mardi Gras parades.”
“Respondent further shows that, being an old resident of the city, the decedent should have anticipated meeting with the temporary obstruction in question, and that his failure, at the time, to exercise care and attention contributed to the accident and bars his right to recover.”
The case was tried before a jury, which found a verdict for $10,000 in favor of the plaintiffs. The defendant filed a motion for a new trial, which was overruled, and judgment was rendered pursuant to the verdict.
The defendant has appealed; and the plaintiffs have answered, praying for an increase in the amount awarded by the verdict and judgment.
This wire was strung along the edges of the neutral ground in Canal street and along the edges of the sidewalks, for the purpose of keeping the street open for the usual parades during the Mardi Gras season.
The street intersections were left open for the convenience of the public. This custom of wiring the streets commenced in the year 1906, and has continued down to the present time.
The mayor testified as follows:
“Q. Why was it done?
“A. Because there were a great many accidents. I have lived here all my life, and I was identified with it and had the experience to see that there were a great many accidents occur-ring- every year. People were trampled upon by the horses prancing in the parade, and there was a demand that something be done to control the crowds that appeared on the principal streets. * * * Well, we found it was absolutely necessary to do it. The carnival is one of the institutions of the city of New Orleans. It had to be carried on with the least detriment to the people. You could not successfully, with the growing population of the city, and the tremendous crowds that come here every year, hope to carry Out these parades without a roping of the streets. * * * The city is put to an expense of between $700 and $800 per year to do it, and it does not get anything out of it, except the protection of its citizens.”
The mayor further testified that he had seen crowds checked and controlled by means of wire ropes in Washington, D. C., and in the city of New York; and that this system in the city of New Orleans had caused no serious accident prior to the death of Martin, in 1912.
The city electrician testified that the wiring of the streets since 1905 has been done under his supervision; that the wiring in 1912 commenced on February 11th, and it was absolutely necessary to commence the work on that day in order to complete the wiring in time for the first parade on February 15th; and that it took about five days to wire the principal thoroughfares. The same witness testified that openings were left at all the street intersections, which are always well lighted at night.
Martin, on the evening in question, was
Martin, if he had not been stopped by the wire obstruction, would have passed from the sidewalk to the intersection, a very short distance. In a similar case, this court held that a pedestrian is not confined to the regular crossing, but.may use any part of the street, and may run to catch his ear. Weber v. Union Dev. & Const. Co., 118 La. 77, 42 South. 652, 12 Ann. Cas. 1012.
A pedestrian has the right to assume that the street is reasonably safe for passage. Id.; McCormack v. Robin, 126 La. 598, 52 South. 779, 139 Am. St. Rep. 549. On the facts of the case, we would not be justified in setting aside the verdict on the issue of contributory negligence.
In McCormack v. Robin, 126 La. 598, 52 South. 780, 139 Am. St. Rep. 549, the court said:
“The charter of the city of New Orleans requii'es it to ‘keep open and free from obstruction all streets.’’ Act 45 of 1896, § 14. The right of the citizen to recover damages for injuries sustained by reason of the failure of a municipal corporation to discharge the mandatory duty thus imposed on it is beyond question.”
The court cited a number of text-writers and of Louisiana cases to sustain the rule of law thus announced.
Cases similar to the one at bar have come before courts of other jurisdictions. In Arthur v. City of Charleston, 51 W. Va. 132, 41 S. E. 171, the Supreme Court of West Virginia held that the defendant was liable in damages for an injury to the plaintiff because of his having been tripped up by a rope stretched across the pavement of a street and fastened to a pole for the purpose of holding a wharf boat during a flood in the Kanawha river. The court held that the officials of the city were negligent in not barricading the street, or marking the obstruction in such manner as would have warned the public of the situation, and said:
“The negligence of the officials was not in allowing the rope to be placed there, but in permitting it to remain without proper warning to or protection of the traveling public. * * * The city has the right temporarily to allow obstructions on the streets and sidewalks for any lawful purpose; hut while they remain there the traveling public should have notice and warning thereof.”
In the case of Kleopfert v. City of Minneapolis, 90 Minn. 158, 95 N. W. 908, and 93 Minn. 118, 100 N. W. 669, the court held that the defendant was liable for the negligent acts of a servant of the board of park commissioners in stretching a rope across a boulevard, whereby a bicycle rider, in attempting to avoid the same, collided with a team and was injured.
In Mayor & City Council of Baltimore v. O’Donnell, 53 Md. 110, 36 Am. Rep. 395, the syllabus reads as follows:
“A city employed an individual upon a contract to repair one of its streets. The contractor’s servants attached a rope across the street and hung a lighted lantern upon the rope at night. The lantern was broken and extinguished by boys. The plaintiff, in driving a hack at night, came in contact with the rope and was injured. The city authorities and the contractor had no notice of the rope. Held, that the plaintiff could recover against the city.”
We make the following extract from the text of the opinion:
“The court properly instructed' the jury * * * that it was the duty of the defendant to taire proper precaution, by proper guards, signals, lights,_ or other warnings, to warn persons of the impassable condition of the street, so as to prevent injuries to persons passing along said street, and if the jury further find that the defendant, and those employed by it in repairing and recurbing said street, did not use ordinary care in providing such precautions, and that the plaintiff, in consequence of such neglect to provide such precautions was thrown from his hack while driving with ordinary care along said street, then the plaintiff is entitled to recover.”
The case of Wheeler v. City of Fort Dodge, 131 Iowa, 566, 108 N. W. 1057, 9 L. R. A. (N. S.) 146, contains a valuable citation of authorities on the subject-matter of obstructions in public streets, and the liability of municipalities for permitting their existence. In that ease the defendant, on the occasion of a Fourth of July celebration, permitted the erection of a wire over a street for the purposes of a tight-rope performance. The exhibitor fell and injured the plaintiff, and the city was held liable in damages. The court, inter alia, said:
“The fact that the wire in most of its course passed through the air above the heads of the people using the walks and carriage way below does not remove its character as an obstruction of the street. The public right goes to the full width of the street and extends indefinitely upward and downward so far at least as to prohibit encroachment upon said limits by any person by any means by which the enjoyment of said public right is or may be in any manner hindered or obstructed or made inconvenient or dangerous.”
Counsel for the defendant cites the case of Simon v. City of Atlanta, 67 Ga. 618, 44 Am. Rep. 739, as holding that, as stated in the syllabus, to temporarily obstruct passage by stretching ropes across a street during a parade or practice of the fire department does not furnish any ground for damages against a city. The syllabus is too broad. The facts were that a rope was stretched sufficiently
In the case at bar, the municipal authorities obstructed the street by wire ropes stretched a few feet above the pavement. The placing of these ropes commenced on the fifth day before the date of the first Mardi Gras procession, and no precautions were taken to warn the public of the existence of these obstructions. These ropes were so small that it was very difficult for ordinary persons to perceive them at night, even in a well-lighted thoroughfare. Martin evidently did not see them, and, assuming that the street was safe, rushed to his death. Having created this obstruction in a public street, it was the plain duty of the municipal authorities to have warned the traveling public of its existence by lights or other proper signals.
As to the quantum of damages, we see no good reason to disturb the verdict.
It is therefore ordered that the judgment below be affirmed, and that defendant and appellant pay costs of appeal.