BRIAN NELSON, Plaintiff v. SECRETARY LAUREL HARRY, et al., Defendants
1:24-cv-00099-SPB-RAL
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA ERIE DIVISION
June 27, 2025
SUSAN PARADISE BAXTER United States District Judge; RICHARD A. LANZILLO Chief United States Magistrate Judge
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
I. Recommendation
It is respectfully recommended that this action be dismissed pursuant to
II. Report
A. Background
Plaintiff Brian Nelson, an inmate in the custody of the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, initiated this civil rights action on April 8, 2024. ECF No. 1. In the accompanying complaint, Plaintiff asserted
The Court granted Plaintiff‘s motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis on May 22, 2024. ECF No. 5. Around that same time, Plaintiff requested leave to file an amended complaint. See ECF Nos. 4, 6. The Court granted his request and issued an Order instructing Plaintiff to
Due to Plaintiff‘s non-compliance, the Court issued an order on August 15, 2024, requiring Plaintiff to show cause on or before September 20, 2024, as to why the action should not be dismissed for failure to prosecute. ECF No. 10. Alternatively, the Court indicated that Plaintiff could comply by submitting his proposed amendment on or before that same date. Id. The Court cautioned that a failure to comply with the order would result in a recommendation that this matter be dismissed for failure to prosecute. Id. Despite this warning, Plaintiff failed to respond.
Out of an abundance of caution, the Court issued another order on November 15, 2024, noting Plaintiff‘s non-participation in the lawsuit and indicating that it was “unclear whether Plaintiff has abandoned this case or is content to rest on the allegations set forth in the Amended Complaint at ECF No. 7.” ECF No. 12. The Court directed Plaintiff to file a notice with the Court on or before December 11, 2024, indicating whether he wished to withdraw the action, file an amended pleading, or stand on his current pleading. Id. The Court again cautioned Plaintiff that failure to respond would result in a recommendation that the matter be dismissed for failure to prosecute. Id. Plaintiff again failed to respond.
Shortly after the Court issued that show cause order, the Court was informed that one of the Defendants, Wellpath LLC, had filed a petition for relief under
To date, Plaintiff‘s last action in this case consisted of the filing of his motion for an extension of time to file an amended pleading on June 17, 2024. None of the Court‘s many orders since that date have prompted a response. Whether Plaintiff‘s claims have been intentionally abandoned or simply neglected, a final order dismissing this action with prejudice is warranted.
B. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) Legal Standard
Decisions regarding dismissal of actions for failure to prosecute or comply with a court order rest in the sound discretion of the Court and will not be disturbed absent an abuse of that discretion. Emerson v. Thiel Coll., 296 F.3d 184, 190 (3d Cir. 2002) (citations omitted). That discretion, while broad, is governed by the following factors, commonly referred to as Poulis factors:
(1) the extent of the party‘s personal responsibility; (2) the prejudice to the adversary caused by the failure to meet scheduling orders and respond to discovery; (3) a history of dilatoriness; (4) whether the conduct of the party or the attorney was willful or in bad faith; (5) the effectiveness of sanctions other than dismissal, which entails an analysis of alternative sanctions; and (6) the meritoriousness of the claim or defense.
Id. (citing Poulis v. State Farm Fire and Cas. Co., 747 F.2d 863, 868 (3d Cir. 1984)). “In balancing the Poulis factors, [courts] do not [employ] a . . . ‘mechanical calculation’ to determine whether a District Court abused its discretion in dismissing a plaintiff‘s case.” Briscoe v. Klaus, 538 F.3d 252, 263 (3d Cir. 2008) (quoting Mindek v. Rigatti, 964 F.2d 1369, 1373 (3d Cir. 1992)). Consistent with this view, it is well-settled that “no single Poulis factor is dispositive,” and that “not all of the Poulis factors need be satisfied in order to dismiss a complaint.” Id. (internal citations and quotations omitted).
The Court begins by noting that, in general, it is “required to consider and balance [the six Poulis factors] when deciding, sua sponte, to use dismissal as a sanction.” Azubuko v. Bell Nat. Org., 243 Fed. Appx. 728, 729 (3d Cir. 2007). However, “[w]hen a litigant‘s conduct makes adjudication of the case impossible . . . such balancing under Poulis is unnecessary.” Id. Although Plaintiff‘s conduct in this case falls into this category, the Court will, nevertheless, analyze the Poulis factors to determine whether dismissal is warranted.
Turning to the first Poulis factor, the Court must consider the extent to which the dilatory party is personally responsible for the sanctionable conduct. See Adams, 29 F.3d at 873 (“[I]n determining whether dismissal is appropriate, we look to whether the party bears personal responsibility for the action or inaction which led to the dismissal.“). Because Plaintiff is proceeding pro se, he is solely responsible for his own conduct, including his failure to respond to multiple orders from the Court. See, e.g., Smith v. Pennsylvania Dep‘t of Corr., 2012 WL 4926808, at *2 (W.D. Pa. Oct. 16, 2012) (noting that a pro se plaintiff is personally responsible for the progress of his case and compliance with court orders). This factor weighs heavily in favor of dismissal.
The second Poulis factor assesses whether the adverse party has suffered prejudice because of the dilatory party‘s behavior. Relevant concerns include “the irretrievable loss of evidence, the inevitable dimming of witnesses’ memories[,] the excessive and possibly irremediable burdens or costs imposed on the opposing party,” Adams, 29 F.3d at 874, and “the burden imposed by impeding a party‘s ability to prepare effectively a full and complete trial strategy.” Ware v. Rodale Press, Inc., 322 F.3d 218, 222 (3d Cir. 2003).
The third Poulis factor requires the Court to consider whether Plaintiff has exhibited a history of dilatoriness over the life of this case. Adams, 29 F.3d at 875 (“[A] party‘s problematic acts must be evaluated in light of its behavior over the life of the case.“). While “conduct that occurs one or two times is insufficient to demonstrate a ‘history of dilatoriness,‘” Briscoe, 538 F.3d at 261, “[e]xtensive or repeated delay or delinquency” — such as “consistent non-response to interrogatories, or consistent tardiness in complying with court orders” — is sufficient to meet the Poulis standard. Adams, 29 F.3d at 874. The Court notes that, although Plaintiff has disregarded several court orders, he does not have a history of dilatoriness over the life of this case. As such, the third factor weighs against dismissal. Id. at 875.
The fourth Poulis factor requires the Court to consider whether Plaintiff‘s conduct was willful or in bad faith. In this context, “[w]illfulness involves intentional or self-serving behavior.” Adams, 29 F.3d at 874. Plaintiff‘s failure to comply with Court orders and the rules of civil procedure “demonstrate[s] a willful disregard for procedural rules and court directives.” Doss v. United States, 2024 WL 759058, at *2 (W.D. Pa. Jan. 22, 2024), report and recommendation
The fifth Poulis factor requires the Court to consider the effectiveness of alternate sanctions. Dismissal is a sanction of last resort, and it is incumbent upon a court to explore the effectiveness of lesser sanctions before ordering dismissal. Poulis, 747 F.2d at 868. In general, however, “sanctions less than dismissal [are] ineffective when a litigant, such as [Plaintiff], is proceeding pro se.” Lopez v. Cousins, 435 Fed. Appx. 113, 116 (3d Cir. 2011). See also Brennan v. Clouse, 2012 WL 876228, at *3 (W.D. Pa. Mar. 14, 2012) (“Alternative sanctions, such as monetary penalties, are inappropriate as sanctions with indigent pro se parties.“) (citing Emerson v. Thiel College, 296 F.3d 184, 191 (3d Cir. 2002)). Moreover, because Plaintiff has indicated that he does not have the funds to litigate this action, his status “severely limits the ability of the court to utilize other lesser sanctions to ensure that this litigation progresses in an orderly fashion.” Carr v. Zahuronic, 2022 WL 12073522, at *2 (W.D. Pa. Oct. 20, 2022). Absent the ability to craft an effective monetary sanction, and given Plaintiff‘s failure to respond to the Court‘s prior orders, the Court concludes that the fifth factor weighs in favor of dismissal.
The sixth and final Poulis factor requires the Court to consider the potential merits of Plaintiff‘s claim. A claim is deemed “meritorious” for the purposes of the Poulis analysis “when the allegations of the pleadings, if established at trial, would support recovery by plaintiff.” Poulis,
In this case, Plaintiff asserts a
As the Court noted at the outset, “no single Poulis factor is dispositive,” and “not all of the Poulis factors need be satisfied in order to dismiss a complaint.” Briscoe, 538 F.3d at 263 (quoting Mindek, 964 F.2d at 1373). Nevertheless, the Court concludes that five of the six Poulis factors heavily support dismissal, with one factor weighing against. Upon balancing those factors as they apply to this case, the Court finds those factors weigh in favor of dismissal of this action for lack of prosecution. Accordingly, it is recommended that this case be dismissed without prejudice pursuant to
In accordance with
Dated this 27th of June, 2025.
SUBMITTED BY:
RICHARD A. LANZILLO
Chief United States Magistrate Judge