197 Pa. Super. 502 | Pa. Super. Ct. | 1962
Opinion by
This was an action in trespass in which the wife-plaintiff, Marcella Nelson, and her husband, Carl V. Nelson, sued the defendant, Frank Facciolo, Trustee, to recover for injuries which she received when descending outside steps from her apartment in the defendant’s building. The wife-plaintiff fell because the heel of her shoe became wedged in a one-eighth to one-quarter of an inch slot between the wooden stair treads of the steps. Each step in the stairway was constructed of.two boards or .treads laid side by side with a space between them one-eightli to one-quarter of an inch in width. The wife-plaintiff was wearing a pair of shoes .with three-inch high steel spike heels which
■ The plaintiff in. her testimony stated that she could see all the way down the seven steps and she admitted that she did not use the handrail. Her excuse for not using the handrail was that a bush planted beside the steps hung over the failing and prevented the use of the same. The steps had not changed in condition from when they were built down to the time of the accident. The plaintiff admitted that she used the steps several times a day and at night during the year prior to the accident and she also admitted that she was aware of the construction of. the. steps. She also admitted that she did not carefully feel each step as she walked down nor did she calculate where to put her heels with respect to the known' crack. She also admitted that she was aware that her spike heels could catch in the crack. She stated that the light on the steps was dim but admitted that she did not need a flashlight. The plaintiff’s Exhibit No. 1, a photograph which was taken on March 17, 1959, nearly a month after the accident, showing the condition of the steps, was admitted into evidence. This photograph was taken-from such an angle that it cannot be determined whether, or not the bush overhung the rail. . Defend: ant’s Exhibit “A” was- a photograph showing.the steps and it also was admitted into, evidence. It was taken at a time when- the bush was in the same condition as it was at the time of the accident. This photograph was taken from a position directly in front of the steps and does not show the bush overhanging the rail. .
The attorney for the appellant first complains as to the admission of the testimony of Virginia Weed be.cause her first knowledge of the scene came to her about a month after the date of the accident. It is true that where the condition is not shown to be static, testimony as to physical condition is. limited to what existed at or about the time of the accident -. Robinson v. Brown, 195 Pa. Superior Ct. 384, 171 A. 2d 865. It is also true that where there is no change in the con-; dition of the premises or the scene of the accident, evidence as to the condition of such place either before or after the event is relevant and admissible to show its condition at the time of such event: Schaff v. Meltzer, 382 Pa. 43, 114 A. 2d 167. It was admitted that the physical condition of the steps had not changed from the time of the original ■ construction to the- time, of-trial except that sometime after the accident the bush near the handrail had been pruned. In fact, plaintiff’s own photograph, Exhibit No. 1, taken March 17, 1959, about a month after .the accident, clearly shows that the bush was there just as it had been on February 19, 1959 when the accident occurred. Virginia Weed began using these steps in March before appellant’s pictures were taken. The wife appellant testified that the steps had been in the same condition during the whole year that she lived -in the apartment.,. She did-not move out of the apartment until about a month after the accident. Counsel for the appellant himself said to the court: “The pre-trial statement says, sir, that stairway bias been in the same condition ever since it was first constructed.” The court answered: “That is right.” It is, therefore, quite clear that there was no change in the physical condition of the steps or the bush between the time of the accident and the time when Virginia Weed first observed the condition.
The attorney for the appellant next complains of the fact that the court refused to permit the husband-plaintiff to be called in rebuttal to show that the bush had been pruned sometime after the accident. This fact was clearly in evidence because of the photographs “B,” “C” and “D” admitted on behalf of the defendant. The evidence was merely cumulative and therefore it was not error to refuse its admission: Muntz v. Cottage Hill Land Co., 222 Pa. 621, 72 A. 247. The matter was within the discretion of the trial judge and will not be disturbed except for a gross abuse: Farmers’ Mutual Fire Ins. Co. v. Bair, 87 Pa. 124.
Attorney for the appellant next complains of an incident referred to by the trial judge in his charge when he said his wife, who was wearing high heels, walked around a grate in the street in Philadelphia, and then
We would like to add to what the court below said that when women wear shoes with heels such as were worn in this case, they should use extra precaution to protect themselves from injury. Certainly a reasonably prudent person, and we classify most women thus, would do so. It must be kept in mind that a heel three inches in height and only one-eighth of an inch wide at the bottom is likely to find many holes and cracks to slip into.
In the present case the accident would probably never have occurred if the wife-appellant had taken the precaution to place her heels upon the plank tread inf-stead of in the slot between the two planks. She knew
The attorney for the appellant also complains of the court’s approval of appellee’s sixth point for charge. Reading the court’s charge as a whole in connection with this point, it is clear that all the court said to the jury was that he could not say as a matter of law that it was negligent to construct these steps as they were. He pointed out that the purpose of such construction was to permit drainage of water, ice and snow and that this was á common, acceptable method of constructing outside wooden steps, but he was very careful to leave to the jury the question of whether under all the circumstances here present the construction of these steps was negligent. At most, this was a jury question. In MacDonald v. Phila. Rural Transit Co., 147 Pa. Superior Ct. 220, 225, 24 A. 2d 37, Judge Rhodes, now President Judge, said: “What is a place of obvious danger is at times a question for the court, and at times, if from the facts various inferences are possible, for the jury. . . . But it must be such at least that a reasonably prudent person would believe that it contained manifest characteristics of potential harm under the circumstances.” We believe that the court below could have declared as a matter of law that it was not negligent to construct these outside steps as they were constructed in this case. The only possible factual situation that might justify the submission of this case to the jury was the condition of the lighting. That question was fairly submitted to the jury and the jury found in favor of the defendant.
Attorney for the appellant also complains of the trial court’s affirmance of defendant’s 12th, 13th and 14th points for charge. All of these relate to the question of contributory negligence. It is unnecessary to. refer to them in detail except to say that a reading of
Judgment for defendant affirmed.
Mobile, Alabama, has passed an ordinance prohibiting wearing shoes with heels more than an inch and a half high and less than an inch in diameter. Women who wish to wear shoes with heels that exceed these limits must get a special permit and agree to assume all liability “for damages to themselves and to others caused by their falling on the public streets or sidewalks of the city of Mobile while wearing such shoes.”