63 Wash. App. 139 | Wash. Ct. App. | 1991
In December 1988 Mark Watson requested arbitration of his claim for uninsured motorist (UIM) benefits allegedly due him under a policy issued to Mike Owens by Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance Company. On May 15, 1989, Nationwide filed a complaint for declaratory judgment, contending Mr. Watson had signed a third parly release waiving his right to UIM coverage. Mr. Watson answered, raising affirmative defenses and counter
The dispositive issue is whether the third party release barred Mr. Watson's first party claim for UIM benefits.
Mr. Watson was a passenger in the Owens car. He suffered permanent injury to his hand when the vehicle driven by Mr. Owens was involved in a 1-car accident.
Mr. Watson contends the executed release was signed for the sole purpose of settling the third party lawsuit against Mr. Owens, and did not nor was it intended to affect his first party claims for PIP and UIM coverage. Nationwide argues the release unambiguously states the settlement was a full and final compromise of all claims, disputed or otherwise, and thus includes all first party claims.
Releases are contracts and their construction is governed by the legal principles applicable to contracts. Releases are subject to judicial interpretation. Vanderpool v. Grange Ins. Ass'n, 110 Wn.2d 483, 488, 756 P.2d 111 (1988) (citing Stottlemyre v. Reed, 35 Wn. App. 169, 171, 665 P.2d 1383, review denied, 100 Wn.2d 1015 (1983)). In construing contracts, the court must determine the parties' intent as reflected by the entire circumstances under which the contract was made. Berg v. Hudesman, 115 Wn.2d 657, 801 P.2d 222 (1990) rejects the rule that an ambiguity must first appear within the language of the document before extrinsic evidence of the parties' intent is admissible. We conclude the court erred in granting judgment in favor of Nationwide for two reasons: (1) The extrinsic evidence supports Mr. Watson's contention the parties did not intend in the third party release to waive first party UIM coverage; and (2) the claimed release as to first party UIM coverage was not supported by consideration.
In addition to the parties' intent, a release requires consideration to be binding. 16 R. Anderson, Couch on Insurance § 60:6, at 7 (2d ed. 1983). Here, the consideration for the release is the settlement of all claims raised by Mr. Watson as a third party claimant in his lawsuit against Mr. Owens; it does not apply to those claims against Nationwide as a first party claimant. The evidence is undisputed that when the release was signed, the amount of the UIM claim was not liquidated. The payment of a liquidated amount admittedly owed under a policy does not, of itself, constitute a sufficient consideration for the release of an unliquidated claim under the policy. Trompeter v. United Ins. Co., 51 Wn.2d 133, 139, 316 P.2d 455 (1957); 16 R. Anderson § 60:11. Nationwide's payment of liquidated amounts under bodily injury coverage did not constitute consideration for the release of an unliquidated claim subsequently made for UIM coverage. Absent the existence of a UIM claim, the money paid by Nationwide did not constitute an agreement to settle a first party claim for UIM coverage. Trompeter, at 139.
The judgment is reversed and the cause is remanded for entry of judgment in favor of Mr. Watson.
Thompson, A.C.J., and Munson, J., concur.
Reconsideration denied November 27, 1991.
Review granted at 118 Wn.2d 1027 (1992).
Judge Dale M. Green was a member of the Court of Appeals at the time oral argument was heard on this matter. He is now serving as a judge pro tempore of the court pursuant to RCW 2.06.150.
Mr. Watson also joined Farmers Insurance Company, his own carrier. The court granted summary judgment dismissal in favor of Farmers, just prior to dismissing Nationwide.
The record indicates two tendons were severed. Subsequent to this accident, Mr. Watson was rendered a quadriplegic as the result of a second car accident.
The signed release states:
"FOR THE SOLE CONSIDERATION of the sum of Twenty-Five Thousand and No/100 Dollars ($25,000.00), the receipt and sufficiency whereof is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned hereby releases and forever discharges . . . NATIONWIDE INSURANCE COMPANY . . . from any and all claims, demands, damages, actions, causes of action or suits of any kind or nature whatsoever, and particularly on account of all injuries to MARK WATSON, known and unknown, both to person and property, which have resulted or may in the future develop from an accident which occurred on or about the 8th day of April, 1984, in Spokane, Washington, and including any and all claims, demands, damages, actions, causes of actions or suits of any kind or nature arising on or after said date relating to the manner in which any such claims, suits, etc., were evaluated, handled and/or processed.
"Undersigned hereby agrees to indemnify, hold harmless and defend . . . NATIONWIDE INSURANCE COMPANY, ... of and from all claims, including costs of defense and reasonable attorneys' fees, of any persons, companies, associations or departments of government which have paid or which shall pay medical bills, prescription drug expenses, hospital bills or property damage and which have or may become subrogated to the rights of the undersigned.
"Undersigned hereby declares that the terms of this settlement have been completely read and are fully understood and voluntarily accepted for the
"Undersigned hereby accepts draft or drafts as final payment of the consideration set forth above." (Italics ours.)
The record indicates the following language of the order of dismissal entered in favor of Farmers was approved by counsel for Nationwide:
Defendant/Third Party Plaintiff, MARK WATSON, is an insured and is entitled to underinsured motorist coverage for the accident of April 8,1984, under Policy No. 79-2-093-593 issued by NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff.
Thus, the issue of Nationwide's liability for UIM coverage has been settled by the parties.