68 So. 373 | Ala. | 1915
The city of Huntsville, on March 24, 1909, entered into a contract with the Mineral Rubber Paving Company for paving a certain street in said city, in accordance with an ordinance of date December 3, 1908. On the same day, March 24, 1909, the said paving company (so designated for convenience) and the city of Huntsville entered into another contract in writing, wherein said paving company agreed to keep in repair the street to be paved by it for a period of five years, some of the provisions of which contract will hereinafter appear. As a part of the contract it was provided that the paving company should execute a bond in penal sum of $10,000 “for the faithful performance of the contract and the malting of the repairs as herein stipulated, with good and sufficient surety,” etc., which bond should be considered as a part of said contract. On the same day, and in accordance with the above stipulation, said paving company and the National Surety Company (appellant) executed such bond, payable to the city of Huntsville, to secure the faithful performance of said contract to repair. The paving company, it seems, breached its contract, by failing to repair said street as agreed, etc., and due demand was made upon it, due notice given, and the city of Huntsville then brings this suit against appellant as surety on said bond, resulting in a judgment for the city in the sum of $10,000.
(1) The evidence as to the breach of the contract by the paving company and the cost of repair of the street is without conflict, and the only question upon this ap
In the second clause it is recited that the “party of the second part [the paving company] agrees and contracts to keep the pavement which it shall lay on said Clinton street under said contract in proper repair for a period of five years, beginning from the date the pavement is accepted by the party of the first part, at and for a yearly price of one cent per square yard, payable yearly.”
In the third clause of said contract, the paving company “agrees * * * and binds itself to maintain and keep in good repair the asphalt pavement herein provided for, for a period of five years,” and then follow provisions as to what the condition of the pavement shall be at the end of the five-year period, to be judged of by the city engineer or street superintendent, and that if such is not satisfactory it shall be put in such condition, and as to the character of material to be used and how the repairs are to be made. In the fourth clause it is provided that: “The city engineer or street ¡superintendent, or other person put in charge of or in
It is the last portion of the fourth clause of the contract which is -insisted upon as evincing an intention of the parties that the repair of the street by the city is a condition precedent to liability upon said bond, it beng urged that the above quoted language, “the party of the first part shall be authorized to make said repair,” etc., in event of failure on the part- of second party to do so, means that before any liability accrues on said-bond the city is under duty to first make the repairs, and that in fact the word “authorized” as-therein used means “required.” It is- conceded by appellant’s counsel that, to quote from their brief: “The contract fixes the absolute duty on the paving company to make the repairs, making the city official the sole judge as to when repairs are needed; and, if it ended there and did not provide a remedy for the city on the failure of the paving company to begin work within' a certain time, it might be argued- most forcibly that an action for breach of the bond could be maintained against the principal and sureties, or either, immediately on failure of the paving company to begin work within the prescribed time.”
“The contract must also be construed- according to its terms. Its words, if of common use, must be taken in their ordinary, usual significance; and if technical words are employed, their technical meaning must be ascertained and accepted. This is the general rule in the construction of the words of a contract, prevailing unless it clearly appears from the context of the instrument that the parties did not use them in their ordinary or technical sense.” — Brush Elec. Co. v. City of Montgomery, 114 Ala. 433, 21 South. 960.
There is nothing in the contract to indicate that the word “authorized” was intended to be given other than its ordinary meaning, and it requires no argument to ■show that to have it read as “required,’ as would follow from insistence of counsel for appellant, would ■clearly be out of harmony with its ordinary meaning. In these instances where the word was construed as imposing a “duty” to act, the construction was justifiable only upon the ground that it clearly appeared from the context of the instrument to be the intention ■of the parties. • In the instant case there is nothing in the context of the instrument which would justify giving to the word “authorized” any meaning other than its usual significance.
The definition of a condition precedent, fis found in 8 Cyc. 558, is given as follows: “A condition which calls for the performance of some act or the happening of some event after the terms of the contract have been agreed upon, before the contract shall take effect.”
And the following from 1 Bouvier’s Law Diet, 382: “Precedent conditions are those which are to be performed before the estate in the obligation commences, or the bequest takes effect.
See, also, Fulenwider v. Rowan, 136 Ala. 287, 31 South. 975; Crass v. Scruggs, 155 Ala. 258, 22 South 81.
The last clause of the “repair contract” provided: “It is further understood and agreed * * '* that upon the execution of this contract, the party of the second part shall make and execute a bond in the penal sum of ten thousand dollars fov the faithful per farm-
The bond here sued upon, after referring to the execution of the above-mentioned contract of date March 24, 1909, for the maintenance of certain street paving" which the said Mineral Rubber Paving Company has-received from the said city of Huntsville, proceeds as-follows: “Now the condition of this obligation is such that if the said Mineral Rubber Company shall faithfully and promptly perform said contract and shall well and truly keep and perform all the terms and conditions; of said contract on its part to be kept and performed and so indemnify and save harmless the city of Huntsville, a municipal corporation as aforesaid, as therein stipulated, then this obligation shall be of no effect,, otherwise to remain in full force and virtue.”
The paving company had entered into a contract to-keep in repair said street, and assumed in regard thereto numerous binding obligations, and to this contract reference is made in the bond and the condition of which was that said paving company should faithfully perform all the terms and conditions of said contract. The condition of the bond is as broad as the terms of the contract, and if the paving company failed to faithfully perform the terms and conditions of the contract, then there was a breach of the bond, for it is given for the faithful performance of the contract.
We think it entirely clear that the provision of the contract authorizing the city to do the work on the failure of the paving company to do it cannot be construed as requiring in such event the city to do the work as a condition precedent to- recovery, without do
(2) In a supplemental brief of counsel for appellant it is further urged that the bond sued on was one of indemnity against liability, and that therefore liability on the bond could attach only upon the actual payment by the city for the repairs. The brief cites the case of Taliaferro v. Brown, 11 Ala. 703, in support of the insistence, in which case the bond construed was held to be a contract of indemnity against actual loss and not against liability. As was said in that case: “The question * * * is as to the intention, and if that is ascertained, it must control the entire instrument.”
The language of the bond there under consideration was held to be ambiguous, and the court, in ascertaining the intention of the parties by considering the surrounding facts and circumstances, the probable inducements to entering into it, and the object and purpose thereof, reached the conclusion that the bond was one for indemnity against actual loss, and not against liability. But we cannot so construe the bond here. We find no ambiguity in the language used, and it was not given to cover any existing liability, but pertained to the performance in the future of certain agreements to
Since writing the foregoing, counsel for appellee have cited us the very recent case of United States v. United States F. & G. Co., 23C U. S. 512, 85 Sup. Ct. 298, 59 L. Ed........... Between that case and this we find some striking analogies. In discussing in that case article 4 of the contract (corresponding somewhat, in the particular here noted, to the fourth clause of the contract here under review), it is said: “We do not think article 4 can properly be so construed as to restrict the government to the remedy there indicated in the event of default by the contractor, or to exclude recovery of .the actual damages directly attributable to such default if, in the reasonable exercise of its rights, the government determines not to complete the building. In the language of the article, the government is ‘authorized and empowered’ — not ‘obliged’ — to complete the work at the expense of the contractor." * * * The phraseology indicates a purpose to give to the government a
A reading of the opinion will disclose that the language there used fully supports the conclusion we have here reached.
We deem a further discussion unnecessary. We have here treated the question pressed upon our attention by appellant’s counsel as being presented by the assignments of error. We find no error in the ruling of the court below, and the judgment appealed from is accordingly affirmed.
Affirmed.