HOUGH, Circuit Judge

(after stating the facts as above). The patentee’s view of his own achievement is concisely stated in the brief filed thus: “It may be a simple thing to positively actuate a single mechanism in both directions; it is quite a different matter to co-ordinate a number of mechanisms having movements differing from each other, and some of which have different degrees of movement at different times, and to do so without the use of springs.”

This agrees with the specification in asserting as the core of invention the positive actuation of the ticket-ejecting mechanism.

Since almost all patents (and this one is no exception to the rule) consist in taking the “last step that counts,” it is always necessary to ascertain where the inventor was and what the art was when he began to take his step.

The art of constructing machines to contain and feed out strip tickets was not new when this application was filed, October 26, 1914, and there is nothing to earry the date of invention back of that day.

Particularly there existed Sullivan’s own machine, described in an application filed by him three years before, and, as the evidence shows, made and put on the market. There was also a machine of whieh he was co-inventor, contrived for the same purpose but actuated by a treadle instead of electricity., Meier and Sullivan, No. 1,039,167.

Appellant urges that the treadle machine is too remote to be considered, and that the invention revealed in Sullivan’s application of 1912 was copending with that for the patent in suit, and cannot therefore be considered prior art under numerous decisions in this circuit. While we do not consider those eas *258 es relevant here, it is to be noted that the latest and ruling decision on that subject is Milburn Co. v. Davis, etc., Co., 270 U. S. 390, 46 S. Ct. 324, 70 L. Ed.-, and anything in our decisions contrary thereto must be disregarded.

But the point of this case is, not that the two Sullivan patents were eopending, but that what the patentee knew, and put into his earlier application, he could not assert to be new when he filed his later one. His second step could only begin where his first stopped. His knowledge is not imputed to him by any proceeding in the Patent Office; he acquired it by the efforts of his own mind. Harvey Hubbell v. General Electric Co. (C. C. A.) 267 F. 564.

With this actual knowledge, and under the burden laid by the law of knowing the art as if a person skilled therein, this patentee propounded the elaims in suit, which are all for combinations in a “ticket-issuing machine” of elements , stated in the most general terms, nearly all terms of function. In the claim quoted, any driver capable of both actuating and restraining any ticket-issuing mechanism, any electric motor, and a plurality of any manually operated devices for controlling the ticket issue, will satisfy the claim.

. Therefore the inquiry is this: Since Sullivan knew what he had done before, and was bound to know the multiplicity of positive actuations known in allied arts, and shown in a ticket machine in Trippensee, No. 973,896, did he display more than the skill of a machinist in abandoning the one-way spring actuation of his own earlier device, and substituting a positive two-way drive? We think not, and on this point have nothing to add to the remarks of the court below.

It may be true, though we fail to see it, that the manually operated positive action of this machine contains some new and clever details of mechanism, per se worthy of patent protection, but, if so, the elaims in suit do not cover.

Decree affirmed, with costs.