150 Ky. 192 | Ky. Ct. App. | 1912
Opinion op the Court by
Affirming.
Plaintiff, W. T. Duvall, brought this suit against the defendants, the Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company and the National Concrete Construction Company, to recover damages for personal injuries. The court directed a verdict in favor of the Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company, and the jury awarded damages against 'the National Concrete Construction Company in the sum of $5,000.' Prom that judgment the National Concrete Construction Company appeals.
The Standard .'Sanitary Manufacturing Company (hereinafter called the Sanit'aiy Company) was engaged in installing an air compressor at its plant in Louisville. The- air compressor was to be placed on a concrete base. The concrete base was to be set in the ground, and' to
The Sanitary Company employed the National Concrete Construction Company (hereinafter called the Concrete Company) to make the concrete base. The concrete was to be mixed on the outside and then poured into the excavation, After mixing the concrete, it was to be carried in buggies to the excavation and dumped in. These buggies, when loaded, weighed about 500 pounds.
The templet was completed on the night of May 31, 1910. On the morning of June 1, plaintiff, W. T. Duvall, a carpenter employed by the Sanitary Company, was directed by his foreman to go to the excavation and finish placing the iron bolts through the templet. His helper was a man by the name of Welch. When they arrived.at the excavation, it was found that the wrench which they had was not large enough to fit on the nuts that were to be screwed on the iron bolts. Plaintiff was in the excavation when Welch discovered that his wrench ..was too small. Welch then returned to .the shop to get another wrench. While he was gone, plaintiff was in
Two witnesses testified to the' fact that Kimball, the Concrete Company’s foreman, knew of the presence of Duvall in the excavation. Plaintiff’s evidence also tends to show that neither the templet nor the iron beams upon which it rested were intended as a support for the runways, and that if so used it was necessary to furnish them additional support; that while the Concrete Company did furnish additional support in one place, the I-beams should have been supported in two places, in order to furnish a proper platform for the buggies loaded with concrete. There is also evidence tending to show that the mere motion of the buggies, unless the templet and iron beams were further supported, would have- a tendency to shake them out of their position and thus render them liable to fall. It was the contention of the Concrete Company that its foreman did- not know of the presence of Duvall in the excavation, although he did know that two of the Concrete Company’s helpers were there. There was an attempt also to show that the Concrete Company did not proceed with its work until it had been notified by the agents of the Sanitary Company that everything was in readiness.
We deem it unnecessary to give a more complete statement of the facts. It is sufficient to say that in spite of the Concrete Company’s claim that it did everything within its power to make its runway safe,.there was evidence tending to show negligence on its part, and it cannot be said that the jury’s finding upon the facts is flagrantly against the evidence.
The Concrete Company claims that there is absolutely no proof that plaintiff’s injuries are permanent, and that $5,000 is entirley too large .a verdict for mere pain and suffering. It is true that neither one of plaintiff’s physicians would give an opinion as to the permanency of his injury, but neither one indicated any probability that his condition would be relieved. On the contrary, Dr. Eoberts rather intimates that his condition might be relieved by an operation for varicocele, but that this operation was attended with danger, and he was not sure that it would' afford relief. We have undeniable testimony, however, that he had suffered the loss of about 20 pounds in weight; that his testicle had shrunken; that he walked with a limp; that whenever he attempted to do any heavy work, he. was unable to do so; that he sufferred a great deal of pain in his testicles and spermatic cord, whenever he attempted to. to any work. This trial took place about a year after the injury. Such was his condition at the time of the trial. In view of the impairment of his power to do heavy work of any kind, of his continued suffering in his testicle and spermatic cord, together with the uncontradicted evidence that his power of procreation is impaired, if not entirely destroyed, we cannot say that the verdict of $5,000 is excessive.
Another error relied upon is the failure of the. court to permit the Concrete Company to file an amended answer and cross-petition, but the propriety of the. court’s
It is next insisted that the court erred in excluding certain evidence. It appears that Mr. Kimball, the Concrete Company’s foreman, testified that Mr. Probst, the Sanitary Company’s superintendent, instructed him not to do anything until he got ready, and that on the morning of the accident, word was sent to Kimball that they were ready. It developed, however, that this word passed from man to man until it reached Kimball at the mill room. Kimball attempted to testify that he was in the habit of receiving messages in that way. The statement was objected' to, and the evidence excluded. There was no attempt to show that Probst, or anyone in authority, had given the. message that they were ready to any particular man, and that this exact message was transmitted to Kimball. Manifestly, such a message, if transmitted from man to man, without showing who heard it or who told it, is mere hearsay, and should not be admitted. If such were the rule, mere rumor would take the place of direct testimony.
The instructions in this case imposed upon the Concrete Company, its servants and agents, the duty to use ordinary care to avoid injuring plaintiff if they knew, or by the exercise of ordinary care should have known1 that he was in the excavation. It is insisted that as the relation of master and servant did not exist between the Concrete Company and plaintiff, the instructions imposed upon the Concrete Company and its servants too high a degree of care, it being argued that the law imposed upon the Concrete Company’s servant only the duty to use ordinary care to avoid injuring plaintiff if they actually knew that he was in the excavation. In this connection we are referred to the language of this court in Ottis Elevator Co. v. Wilson, 147 Ky., 676, where the court said:
“Appellant concedes that it owed Wilson the duty to exercise ordinary care to avoid injuring him after discovering his peril, even though the relationship of master
In that case, however, the servant of the Elevator Company knew that the plaintiff, Wilson, was engaged in making the wire casings and fencings around the elevator shaft. Indeed, he claims that he notified the plaintiff as he passed that he would be going back in a few minutes. In discussing that case, therefore, the court treated it from the standpoint of knowledge on the part of the Elevator Company of plaintiff’s peril, and of its consequent duty to exercise ordinary care to avoid injuring him. It was unnecessary, therefore, to determine whether or not the Elevator Company owed any greater duty in that case. In this case it is true that plaintiff was not the servant of the Concrete Company; still, he was not a trespasser or even a mere licensee. He was an employe of the Sanitary Company, and was rightfully in the excavation. The work of installing the air compressor was a joint work. Plaintiff and other servants of the Sanitary Company were engaged in constructing the templet, setting it in place and adjusting the bolts and nuts preparatory to the laying of the concrete base by the servants of the Concrete Company. In other words, the servants of each particular company were doing a particular part of the common work. They .were, therefore, brought into immediate association and direct contact with each other. In constructing the concrete base, the servants of the Concrete'Company were acting within the actual scope of their employment, and in furtherance of their master’s business. It will not do, therefore, to say that the Concrete Company’s servants owed the plaintiff no other duty than to exercise ordinary care to avoid injuring him after they knew of his presence in the pit. Knowing that the plaintiff was engaged on common work, we think they had reason to anticipate his presence in the pit, and having reason to anticipate his presence, it was their duty to exercise ordinary care to find out whether he was present or not in the excavation, before subjecting him to danger. We therefore conclude that if the Concrete Company’s servants knew,' or by the exercise of ordinary care could have known, that plaintiff was in the pit, and failed to use ordinary care to avoid injuring him, the Concrete Company was liable for their negligence.
Judgment affirmed.