286 F. 367 | 3rd Cir. | 1923
The complainant has appealed from an order of the District Court denying a motion for a preliminary injunction in an infringement suit. Betters Patent No. 1,394,256 for a cash register. The motion was not based on any one of the customary grounds, such as irreparable injury, inability of the defendant to respond in damages, or probable injury that might not be repaired by subsequent decree. Pullman v. Railway (C. C.) 5 Fed. 72, 73; Standard Elevator Co. v. Crane Elevator Co., 56 Fed. 718, 6 C. C. A. 100. Nor was the motion otherwise addressed to the discretion of the court. Rousso v. Barber (C. C. A.) 276 Fed. 552. It was based, first, on an allegation of fact that Fuller, the patentee, had assigned the patent in suit to the complainant, and second, on the assertion that in law Fuller is estopped from denying the validity of the patent and that his estoppel extends equally to the Remington Arms Company, his employer or co-worker and therefore joint tort feasor, in the development of the alleged infringing mechanism. Piano Motors Corp. v. Motor Player Corp. (C. C. A.) 282 Fed. 435. In other words, the complainant, by its motion for a preliminary injunction, asked for the enforcement of what it regards as an absolute right vested in itself. In order to prevail it must, of course, establish that right conclusively.
The principle controlling tire award of a preliminary injunction in patent litigation is well settled. Where the patent may be adjudged valid and the defendant an infringer an award of an injunction is purely a matter of discretion, and courts are constantly in the habit of withholding it upon such terms, as the giving of a bond and the like, as may seem just and equitable, having regard to the comparative injury that will result to the parties by granting or withholding it. Consolidated Roller-Mill Co. v. Coombs (C. C. A.) 39 Fed. 803; Rousso v. Barber (C. C. A.) 276 Fed. 552. Where a patent has not been adjudicated and where its validity has not been persuasively established by long acquiescence .courts are very careful in granting a preliminary injunction at the outstart of patent litigation. When the right to a preliminary injunction is asserted on a green patent — patent in suit was granted October 18, 1921, and action was brought November 9, 1921— trial courts will be slow in granting an injunction and appellate courts
As to validity, it is not clear on first view that the subject of the patent involves invention within the patent meaning of that term. Admittedly the art is crowded, and, conceivably the patent, if valid, may after a full hearing be limited in its scope. Smith v. Ridgely, 103 Fed. 875, 876, 43 C. C. A. 365. Here lies a fair doubt and a doubt substantial enough not to be silenced, once and for all, by a preliminary injunction denying a defendant the right to raise and try the major issue of validity, unless such action were made imperative by the defendant’s conduct conclusively established. On the ground urged by the complainant in support of its motion for preliminary injunction — that of estoppel of both defendants from attacking the validity of the patent— we concur in the decision of the learned trial judge in refusing to foreclose the trial of this issue; and being in full accord with his reasoning, we adopt his opinion as our own. 283 Fed. 196. Without expressing, or indeed entertaining, any views upon facts which the trial may develop, we are satisfied that on the facts as they stand the corporate defendant is not estopped from challenging the validity of the patent, and that, accordingly, a preliminary injunction was properly denied. As the personal defendant is not in court, either by service of process or appearance, this decision does not affect him.
The order below is affirmed.
