65 N.Y.S. 1001 | N.Y. App. Div. | 1900
The only question in this case is whether the judgment of the plaintiff, having been recovered within four months prior to the filing of the voluntary petition in the bankruptcy proceeding, is void within subdivision f of section 67 of the National Bankruptcy Act. That section reads in part as follows : “ That all levies, judgments, attachments or tither liens, obtained through legal proceedings against a person who is insolvent, at any time within four months prior to the filing of a petition in bankruptcy against him, shall be deemed null and void in case he is adjudged a bankrupt, and the property affected by the levy, judgment, attachment or other lien shall be deemed wholly discharged and released from the same, and shall pass to the trustee as a part of the estate of the bankrupt.” (30 H. S. Stat. at Large, 564, 565.)
The difficulty arising over the interpretation of this subdivision
It is urged that this subdivision was intended not to apply to actions commenced more than four months before the filing of the petition in bankruptcy, although the judgment or lien was not created until within the inhibited period, and that section is not in contravention of this section, as it relates solely to the involuntary proceedings under the Bankruptcy Law, it in terms applying only to a petition tiled against the bankrupt. The earlier cases in the United States District Courts gave this construction to the law. (Matter of O'Connell, 2 Nat. Bank. News, 90 ; Matter of De Lue, 1 Am. Bank. Rep. 387.)
An examination of the act, however, carries its own condemnation to this interpretation. The first definition given in chapter 1 of the act is that “ ‘ A person against whom a petition has been filed ’ shall include a person who has tiled a voluntary petition.” (30 U. S. Stat. at Large, 544.) This clearly has reference to the expression wherever used in the act, and it appears in subdivision e of this section, making it plain that, so far as the use of this term is concerned, it has application to voluntary proceedings as well as to those instituted by creditors.
The trend of the recent authorities is quite unanimous in giving this construction to the language, and in holding that subdivision f controls. The effect of this is that any judgment or lien obtained within four months antecedent to the filing of the petition in bankruptcy is null and void if the debtor is adjudged a bankrupt. (Matter of Richards, 3 Am. Bank. Rep. 145 ; Matter of Dobson, 98 Fed. Rep. 86; Matter of Vaughan, 97 id. 560; Bear v. Chase, 99 id. 920; Matter of Spacht, 2 Nat. Bank. News, 238; Matter of Rhoads, 3 Am. Bank. Rep. 380.)
The aim of a bankrupt law is to secure the distribution of the assets of the insolvent equally among his creditors. In considering
It is conceded that, when Spencer transferred his property to his wife, “ he did not have enough of remaining property to pay his debts.” He was then insolvent within the definition in subdivision 15, section 1, chapter 1 of the National Bankruptcy Act, which reads as follows: “A person shall be deemed insolvent within the provisions of this act whenever the aggregate of his property, exclusive of any property which he may have conveyed, transferred, concealed or removed, or permitted to be concealed or removed,' with intent to defraud, hinder or delay his creditors, shall not, at a fair valuation, be sufficient in amount to-pay his debts.”
The judgment as to defendant Hugo, as trustee, is reversed and a new trial ordered, with one bill of costs and disbursements of this appeal to the appellants to abide the event, and the judgment is affirmed, with costs as to defendant Emily Silencer.
All concurred, except Williams, J., not sitting.
Judgment as to the defendant Hugo, trustee, reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to the appellants to abide event,.and judgment as to the defendant Emily Spencer affirmed, with costs.