delivered the Opinion of the Court.
Plаintiff Nasi appeals the June 12, 1987, order of the First Judicial District Court, Lewis and Clark County, granting State Department of Highways’ motion for summary judgment. We affirm.
The sole issue on appeal is whether the District Court erred in applying res judicata to Nasi’s wrongful discharge action.
Nasi began working for the Department of Highways (Department) at its Townsend maintenance shop on February 5,1979. On June 18, 1982, his employment ended. Nasi claims he was fired. The Department claims he voluntarily quit.
On March 12, 1984, Nasi filed a grievance with the Board of Personnel Appeals (BPA). On April 17, 1984, the BPA preliminary hearing examiner decided that Nasi had “quit and/or walked off the job.” The following day, Nasi filed his rejection of the preliminary decision.
On April 23, 1984, Nasi filed a separate tort action in District Court, alleging wrongful discharge and bad faith. The Department filed motions to dismiss on several grounds including (1) BPA had еxclusive jurisdiction, (2) Nasi failed to exhaust his administrative remedies, and (3) the tort action was barred by res judicata. On July 5, 1984, the District Court ordered that all further tort proceedings would be stayed until the BPA made a final determination on the grievance.
On Oсtober 11, 1984, the BPA formal hearing examiner found that Nasi had “voluntarily terminated his employment with the Department of Highways.” The examiner concluded that Nasi had not been aggrieved by the Department. On February 5, 1985, the BPA adopted thе examiner’s recommended order as the final order.
On March 5, 1985, Nasi filed a petition for judicial review of thе BPA final order. On August 15, 1986, the District Court affirmed the BPA final order. Nasi did not appeal the judicial review.
On August 29, 1986, the District Court lifted its stay оn the tort action. On October 27, 1986, the Department filed a motion for summary judgment, or in the alternative, a motion to dismiss the tort action. On June 12, 1987, the District Court granted the Department’s motion for summary judgment on the grounds that the matter was res judicata. The court stated: “BPA specifically found that Nasi quit. Such a determination is dispositive in the court case. It forecloses Plaintiffs wrongful discharge and bad faith causes of ac *397 tion and any additional issues associated therеwith.” Nasi appeals the summary judgment.
Res Judicata
Nasi contends that the BPA did not act in a judicial capacity in its grievance decision and res judicata is therefore inapplicable. Nasi also asserts that the issues, remedies and subject matter of his tort action differ from those of his BPA grievance.
. In analyzing this case, we note that Title 2, Chapter 4, Montanа Code Annotated, establishes the Montana Administrative Procedure Act (MAPA). Section 2-4-102(2)(a), MCA, defines agency as any agency defined in Section 2-3-102(1), MCA, which provides: “ ‘Agency’ means any board ... of the state . . . authorized by law to . . . detеrmine contested cases . . .” Section 2-15-1705, MCA, creates a Board of Personnel Appeals and subsection (6) provides: “The board is designated a quasi-judicial board for purposes of 2-15-124.”
Title 2, Chapter 4, Part 6, sets forth the stаtutory provisions relating to contested cases. Section 2-18-1001(1), MCA, grants the BPA the jurisdiction to conduct hearings and rеsolve grievances of employees of the Department of Highways. Title 2, Chapter 4, Part 7, provides for judicial review of contested cases by the District Court with a right of review of a final judgment of the District Court by the Supreme Court.
As we have noted, Nasi had a contested case hearing before the BPA. From its adverse decision, hе sought and received judicial review by the District Court. The District Court affirmed the decision of the Board, but Nasi did not assеrt his right of appeal.
The District Court decision rested on the doctrine of res judicata. The doctrine reflects a policy of judicial finality:
“The basic proposition embraced by the doctrine of res judicata has always remained the same: a party should not be able to relitigate a matter he or she has already had аn opportunity to litigate. This policy reflects the notion that a lawsuit should not only bring justice to the aggrieved parties but provide a final resolution of the controversy.” ' ‘
Brault v. Smith
(Mont. 1984), [
Res judicata applies when administrative proceedings possess a judicial character:
*398 “When an administrative agency is acting in a judicial capacity and rеsolves disputed issues of fact properly before it which the parties have had an adequate oрportunity to litigate, the courts have not hesitated to apply res judicatá to enforce repose.”
United States v. Utah Construction and Mining Co.
(1966),
The application of
res judicata
rests on the following four criteria: (1) the
parties
must be the same; (2) the
subject matter
must be the same; (3) the
issues
must be the same, and (4) the
relationship
among the parties, the subject matter and the issues must be the same.
Brault,
In comparing Nasi’s tort action and his BPA grievance, we note an identity of the partiеs, the subject matter and the relationship. Both the tort action and the grievance flowed from the same sеt of facts. The pivotal issue was identical: Did Nasi voluntarily quit or was he fired?
At each level of the administrative рrocess, Nasi had an adequate opportunity to litigate his claim. Nasi fully utilized the procedural safeguards of MAPA, including notice, right to counsel, evidence, cross-examination and judicial review. At each level, thе decision was the same: Nasi voluntarily quit.
Nasi failed to appeal the judicial review. Instead, he asked thе District Court to reach an opposite decision with an encore of the identical issue. We will not allоw Nasi to relitigate his grievance in a tort action raising the same issue previously litigated.
We hold that the BPA aсted in a judicial capacity and provided Nasi with a full contested case hearing which was subsequently judicially reviewed. We further hold the District Court correctly applied res judicata to Nasi’s tort action.
“To preclude parties from contesting matters that they have had a full and fair opportunity to litigate protects their adversaries from the expense and vexation attending multiple lawsuits, conserves judicial resources, and fosters reliance on judicial action by minimizing the possibility of inconsistent decisions.”
Montana v. United States
(1979),
Affirmed.