109 Ala. 377 | Ala. | 1895
The action is statutory ejectment, to recover possession of certain land, which is thus described in the complaint: “a strip or parcel of land one hundred feet wide, extending through the North East quarter of the North West quarter of section thirty-three, in Township Eight of range four, East, situated in Marshall county, Alabama; being fifty feet on each side of the center of the track of the railroad now in operation on said subdivision of land, the same being cleared of timber, graded, with excavations and embankments, and trestles constructed thereon, on which locomotives and cars may now run, and which is the only railroad on said subdivision.” This land is spoken of throughout the case as “the railroad right of way.” The controlling facts, which the testimony, without conflict, tended to establish, as the basis for the respective claims of the parties, may be thus stated : There is an entire omission of any evidence with reference to the land sued for, or to the subdivision of which it forms a part, prior to the year 1858 ; and it is not made to appear who had the title or possession prior to that time. In 1858 the right of way of the Tennessee & Coosa Railroad Company was located over the land m dispute, and the roadbed graded in 1859 and 1860, all the way, in parts, between Guntersville and Attalla. In 1860 or 1861, the embankment on the land in controversy was thrown up by said railroad company, and from that time nothing further was done on the road by the company except clearing off the right of way, over the whole line from Guntersville to Gadsden, to sometime in. 1883. In 1873, Louis Wyeth, who was president of the Tennessee & Coosa Railroad Company, purchased, the forty acre tract, described in the complaint, and of -which the land sued for formed a part, at some sort of tax sale made by the probate judge of Marshall county, but it does not appear that, the purchaser ever procured a certificate or deed, or that any title passed to him thereby. The entire evidence with reference to said sale,is an entry upon the record of tax sales, by the probate judge and signed by him,as follows : ‘'‘The N. E. iof theN. W.i Sec. 33, T. 8, R. 4, E., containing 40 acres,assessed to estate of W. M. Henderson,deceased,
Moore, who was examined for the plaintiff, speaking of his possession during the six years, from 1880 to 1886, testifies, that he lived on the land, upon which there were no improvements when he bought from Wyeth; that he cleared part of the land, built upon it, and made corn and cotton thereon; that, when he bought the land, there was an old railroad bed on it, running through the land; that he never cultivated any part of the land covered by the railroad bed; that no part of the railroad bed was enclosed; that he never interfered with the right of way at all, and had nothing to do thereioith; that he never made any claim to the right of way, bid was informed the railroad claimed it, and that nobody ever asserted any claim thereto.
In 1886, the plaintiff, after his purchase, went into the actual possession of a portion of the tract, conveyed by Moore’s deed, claiming under the conveyance, but had never exercised any acts of ownership over the uninclosed right of way, further than paying taxes on the subdivision, of which it formed a part. He neither enclosed, cultivated, nor cut timber from, the right of way. In 1890, the defendant was put in possession of the right of way by the Tennessee & Coosa Railroad Company, and the road was completed in December of that year through the quarter section claimed by the plaintiff.
In 1891, the Tennessee & Coosa Railroad Company executed a conveyance of its whole line, property and
It is a common saying in actions of ejectment that the plaintiff must recover upon the strength of his own title, rather than upon the weakness of that of his adversary. It is, therefore, proper to inquire into the claims of the plaintiff, to ascertain whether .he has made it appear that he is entitled to the land. It is not claimed that the plaintiff showed a good documentary title, but he rests his right to recover, find, upon the contention that he had, prior to the bringing of the.suit, acquired a good title by adverse possession of the land for ten continuous years, by himself and those under whom he claims, and second, upon possession merely, if his first contention be not maintainable. We will examine each of these claims in the light of the evidence adduced upon the trial.
The circuit judge, in admitting in evidence the record of the tax sale to Louis Wyeth, stated that it was received, not to prove title, but to serve as color of title ; meaning thereby, of consequence, that the record of the tax sale might be looked to for the purpose of extending the actual possession of Louis Wyeth, taken in 1879 by his tenant Moore, of a portion of the tract, to the whole subdivision, described in the record. In this view the circuit judge was in error. Undoubtedly, the fact that the land had been purchased by Wyeth at tax sale was admissible, in connection with the other evidence, to show the character of his possession, as being under a claim of ownership, and in hostility to the true title, and thus to show an adverse holding of so much of the land as was in his actual possession. — Ladd v. Dubroca, 61 Ala. 25. But this is very different from saying that it could serve as color of title to extend the adverse holding beyond the limits of the possessio pedis, “Color of title is that which in appearance is title, but which in reality is no title.” 1 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law, p. 276. The tax record did not purport to convey title, good or bad, and was neither the sign, semblance nor color of title. — Veal v. Robinson, 70 Ga. 809; Saltmarsh v. Crommelin, 24 Ala. 352; Stovall v. Fowler, 72 Ala. 77. Neither Moore nor Wyeth having taken actual possession of the strip of land, at any time, plaintiff is driven to the deed
When a plaintiff in ejectment shows no other right of recovery than the presumption of title arising from possession, the rule is that the defendant may defeat the suit by showing that he, or those under whom he claims, had another possession anterior to that upon which the plaintiff relies. — Louisville & Nashville R. R. Co. v. Philyaw, 88 Ala. 264. The undisputed evidence, if believed, showed that long before the plaintiff, or any one under whom he claims, asserted any right of ownership in the subdivision of land, embracing the strip sued for, or had any possession of any part thereof, the Tennessee & Coosa Railroad Company located its right of way over the strip, and, entering thereon, threw up its embankments, and prepared its road bed through the entire extent of the forty acre tract. It thus took actual possession of the right of way, exercising acts of ownership over it, and must be considered as acquiring thereby adverse possession of the strip for railroad purposses. Yancey v. S. W. R. R. Co., 101 Ala. 234; Tenn. & Coosa R. R. Co. v. Taylor, 102 Ala. 224. This possession, under the circumstances stated, is sufficient to give said railroad company and its assigns a right of possession of the right of way as against the plaintiff, who showed no better title, and who is forced to rely simply upon an alleged later . possession. — Strange v. King, 84 Ala. 212;
It is unnecessary to consider in detail the various exceptions reserved to the giving and refusal of charges. If the jury believed all the evidence, the'defendant was entitled to a verdict', and they should have been so instructed, as the defendant requested.
Reversed and remanded.
