2 Greene 286 | Iowa | 1849
Opinion by
At tlie October term of tbe district court of Muscatine county, Henry Nash tbe prisoner was indicted for tbe murder of one Littleton J, Heddin. Tbe record shows that Nash was, at tbe time of tbe finding and filing of tbe indictment, in .custody. He at that term appeared and by bis counsel moved for a continuance of bis cause. At bis instance tbe cause was continued for trial until Tuesday tbe twenty first day of November, to which time the court was adjourned. The court at the same time, upon tbe request of tbe prisoner accompanied by a proper showing, entered an order granting leave to take tbe depositions of witnesses to be used on tbe trial of tbe cause, “ if it should be made to appear to the court that personal attendance of tbe witnesses could not be procured by proper diligence.”
It was also agreed, by the defendant in person, that tbe regular panel of jurors of that term might be discharged, and that tbe judge might issue an order to tbe sheriff for the summoning of a jury for tbe trial. Tbe prisoner by bis counsel then filed in tbe clerks office bis notice and interrogatories in accordance with tbe statute, to take the depositions of witnesses. Tbe record also shows that tbe cause was not tried on the .twenty first day of November 1848, that being the day to which tbe court bad been adjourned; but on tbe twenty eighth day of that month the court commenced its session for the trial. On that day
Several bills of exceptions, during the trial, were taken to the ruling of the court, within which all the points of law, relied on by the counsel for the prisoner, are set forth: and on which, it is urged here, that error is manifest in the proceedings of the court below.
The following errors are assigned :
1st. The indictment does not clearly charge that the beating aud wounding were feloniously done: nor that the killing was unlawful.
2d. The wounds are not described. The time of the death is not sufficiently set forth. The conclusion is bad.
3d. The indictment is not made up of charges and specifications, as is required by statute; nor is an indictable offense so clearly charged therein that a judgment can be given thereon.
4th. The indictment charges that the offense was committed on board a steam-boat in Scott county, which boat afterwards passed through the county of Muscatine. The statute gives no jurisdiction in such state of facts to Mus-catine county.
5th. The depositions of witnesses were read by the state.
6th. Judgment was against the defendant, when by the law of the land there should have been no judgment.
7 th. There was no court in session when the pretended trial was had.
The first assignment of error is that the charge of the offense therein is defective. “ That it does not allege the
The second count sets out the time and place when and where the beating and wounding occurred, adding that it happened on the steam boat Ohio Mail, “ which afterwards passed through the said county of Muscatine;” and then charges that the said Reddin on the eighteenth day of the said month of September, of the beating and wounding aforesaid at the county of Muscatine aforesaid did die. This count is concluded, also, by an averment that the beating wounding a'nd killing was done “feloniously and with malice aforethought” whereby the said Nash committed the crime of murder.
■The third count sets out the beating and the wounding as having been done on the same day as in the former counts, and that the said Nash having so beaten, bruised, and wounded the said Reddin “feloniously” and of his malice aforethought that he, the said Reddin afterwards “ died of the wounds and injury inflicted by said beating and wounding” and concludes “against the peace &c.”
It is true that in this indictment some of the terms used in setting out the charge of murder are not employ
In the formation of the criminal code of our state, one of the first things attempted was the establishment of such a system, as would be consistent with the spirit of the time, in which we assumed civil organization. Such being the design of our legislature, a criminal code was enacted, by which offenses against the welfare of society, and “ the peace and dignity of the state” have been defined, and the mode of judicial proceedure and practice pointed out., It is the positive duty of courts to observe and maintain the distinction which is clearly enjoined by constitutional law, so as, carefully, to avoid interference, and usurpation of power by either of the several departments of government. Indeed, to the judicial tribunals is this great conservative power confided. To them, alone, in the last resort, anust the aggrieved party look for relief. It is properly the province of the legislature to alter the
The second section of the same aet declares that, “ the manner of the killing is not material, further than it may show the disposition of mind, or the intent with which the act was committed.”
The fourth section enacts, that “in order to make the killing murder, it is requisite that the person injured die iwithin a year and a day, after the stroke received, or the cause of death administered.”
The act entitled “An act regulating criminal proceedings,” Rev. Stat. 153, §46, provides, that “the body of the indictment shall be considered as made up of charges and specifications, and no indictment shall be quashed, if an indictable offense is, clearly charged therein; nor shall any motion be entertained, with a view to arrest, reverse, or set aside any judgment, on account of a defect in the indictment, if the charge, upon which the offense was tried, be so explicitly set forth, that judgment can be rendered thereon.”
Section forty-eight of the same act provides, that “nothing need be stated in the body of an indictment, which is not required to be proved upon the trial in support of the charge.”
This indictment declaras, that the deceased was killed by the accused Nash “feloniously, and with malice aforethought” and, substantially and distinctly avers that the act was done in violation of or “ against the statute in such case made and provided.” Although the precise term “unlawfully” is not used, still, as it is charged to have been done “against the statute &c.,” it must be taken as done unlawfully, and the use of the precise word, is not indispensable to aid the language used in the indictment, to convey the idea required by the statute as a charge to make up the crime. The statute is -the law. If the act
The second assignment of error is answered by the forty-sixth section of the act regulating criminal proceedings cited above, which provides that “no judgment shall be arrested, reversed, or set aside on account of any defect in the indictment, if the charge upon which the offender was tried, be so explicitly set forth, that judgment can be rendered thereon.” There can be no mistake as to the offense here charged. All the facts necessary to constitute the crime of murder under the statute, so that judgment in accordance with the law, could be rendered, are clearly stated.
The statute only requires such facts to be stated in the indictment, as' are required to be proved on the trial. This requisition as we have shown by a statement of the contents of the indictment, has been fulfilled and substantially observed.
It is also contended and urged, for ground of reversal of the judgment of the court below, that “the time of the death of Beddin is not sufficiently set forth.” The indictment states, that the wound wss inflicted on the fourteenth day of September A. D. 1848, and, that Beddin died, in consequence thereof, on the eighteenth day of the same month, being four days after he received the wound. This for all legal purposes, is sufficiently certain, and conclusive, as to the time of his death; being within the limitation prescribed by the statute, in which the death must occur to make the killing murder.
An objection is also made to the validity of the indictment, because the wound is not particularly described. "We know that precedents are numerous in which particular description of the wound, as to length, depth and breadth, is set forth, and that they have been followed even till the present day, by some who are learned in the legal profession. Such particularity cannot vitiate an indictment; and may serve to enlarge and render it quite formidable and imposing; but as the law is now, under the
Enough has been presented, to show that the validity of tbe indictment is not successfully assailed by tbe 1st, 2d, and 3d, assignments of error, and that with reference to them, tbe judgment of tbe court is in accordance with tbe law.
It is contended, that tbe district court of tbe county of Muscatine, bad not legal jurisdiction of tbe offense, and proceedings thereon. That tbe act was perpetrated in tbe county of Scott, on board of a steamboat, and that tbe boat afterwards passed through tbe county of Muscatine. Tbe blow was given, and tbe wound, of which tbe deceased died, was inflicted in tbe county of Scott. From thence tbe boat, on which tbe parties in tbe transaction were, passed down tbe river, and stopping at tbe town of Bloom-ington, in tbe county of Muscatine, tbe wounded man, Keddin, was taken ashore, and Nash tbe prisoner, was committed to prison, there to await bis trial. He was there tried and convicted.
Here again, tbe legislature' of tbe state, foreseeing tbe possibility of such occurrence, and tbe necessity of providing for it, by convenient and positive enactment, have -prevented tbe success of such objection. JR&o. Stat. 153, § 42, provides, that “where a criminal act has been committed in one county, and consummated in another, (as where the mortal blow was given in one county, and tbe death took place in another,) tbe offender may be indicted in either county.” Tbe application of this act to tbe case at bar is too obvious, to allow of any discussion. “ Tbe mortal blow was given” in,Scott county, “and tbe death took place in” tbe adjoining county of Muscatine. Tbe statute, therefore, conferred jurisdiction of tbe case on Muscatine county.
But it is further contended, that tbe offense was com
What is the obvious intent of this act? Clearly to pre-rent the escape, with impunity, of offenders against the aw, by securing their arrest, in case of the commission of crime on vessels afloat within the jurisdiction of the ■¡tate. The rapidity with which steamboats move, and the secrecy of night travel on them, as well as other craft ased on the streams, required that extraordinary means ■should be resorted to, in order to prevent, detect and pun-.sh where more than common opportunity was presented :‘or the commission of crime, and escape from its punishment. To confine the operation of this section of the law :o counties, through which such boat had already passed, would in many, if not most instances of crime thus committed, thwart the evident design of the enactment, by Leaving the offending crew of a vessel, a clear and open channel to run before the law. The officer of the law, would be unable to exert his power until “ the boat had left him.” It certainly, cannot be supposed, that a special provision of this kind would be enacted for any other purpose than to extend the jurisdiction of the law, so as
But we think, the language of the Jaw, when fairly construed, settles this question. It expressly refers to “that trip or voyage,” meaning any county through which the vessel may have passed whilst performing her “trip or voyage.” The vessel on which the offense was committed, as the record shows, did pass on her “voyage” from Scott county, down the river Mississippi, to the county of Mus-catine where the offender, Nash, was arrested, tried and convicted. The whole proceeding was within the jurisdiction of the state of Iowa, and the boat having pass ed through a part of the county of Muscatine, within which the arrest was made, we think jurisdiction of the case was properly and legally exercised by the district court of that county, as far as this point is concerned.
The objection that the district court of Muscatine county was not legally in session when this cause was tried, and judgment given, is answered by the record. It appears, that the indictment was regularly found by the grand jury, at a regular and legal term of the court. It further appears, that the cause was twice continued, and the court as often adjourned, at the particula/i' request of the -prisoner, and for Ms benefit, by his agreement on file. It certainly is unnecessary to resort to argument, to show that the court below was not in error here. The humane indulgence of the court in granting, further time to the prisoner, who stood for trial in a capital case, when it was prayed for by the accused himself to enable him to procure the testimony of his witñesses, in defense of his life, cannot be successfully, pleaded as error, so as to affect the judgment in the case, by him. lie, cannot complain of error in a proceeding which was clearly beneficial to him, and which was had in answer to his own request.
It only remains for us to dispose of that assignment of error, relative to the reading of the deposition on part of the prosecution. The dedimus to take the depositions was prayed for, granted and taken at the instance and on be-
Judgment affirmed.