1936 BTA LEXIS 640 | B.T.A. | 1936
Lead Opinion
OPINION.
This proceeding was brought to redetermine a deficiency in the income tax of the petitioner for the year 1932 in the sum of $49,749.83, together with a penalty of $12,437.46 for delinquency.
The sole issue is whether or not moneys received by the petitioner, a foreign corporation, in payment of a judgment in its favor against the United States as the result of a suit in the Court of Claims for damages for the illegal detention of the petitioner’s steamship during the War, constituted income from sources within the United States and, as such, was subject to tax.
The imposition of the penalty raises a dependent issue.
The facts were stipulated substantially as follows:
The petitioner is, and was at all times material hereto, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of The Netherlands, with its principal office at Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
During the year 1917 the petitioner was the owner and operator of a fleet of ocean-going steamships, and was engaged in the business of transporting passengers and freight between the ports of various nations and on the high seas. One of said ships was the steamship Zeelandia, which prior to October 17, 1917, was engaged in transporting passengers and freight between The Netherlands and South American ports, touching at North American ports enroute.
In September 1917 the Zeelandia sailed from South American ports for The Netherlands, via New York, carrying a cargo, all of which was consigned to Netherlands Oversea Trust Co., at various
On October 17, 1917, an official of the petitioner applied to the United States Shipping Board for a license to take additional stores on the Zeelandia to enable her to carry a number of stranded Dutch citizens who desired to book passage to Holland. On October 22, 1917, not having received a reply to its application, the petitioner abandoned its plan to transport the additional Dutch passengers and applied for clearance of the Zeelandia from the port of New York. The United States customs officials refused clearance on the ground that petitioner did not submit an export license for the vessel’s transit cargo, bunkers, and stores. On the same day, petitioner applied, under protest, for an export license for such transit cargo, bunkers, and stores. From October 22, 1917, until March 21, 1918, officials of the United States Government refused to permit the Zeelandia to leave New York Harbor.
On March 21, 1918, the United States formally seized, requisitioned, and took over the steamship Zeelandia and placed her in the active service of the United States, and subsequently the petitioner was paid by the United States for the use of the vessel after that date.
For several years thereafter the Government of The Netherlands unsuccessfully attempted to procure a diplomatic settlement through the State Department of the United States, of the claim of the petitioner against the United States for the damages sustained by it by reason of the refusal of the Government authorities to grant clearance to the Zeelandia during the period from October 17, 1917, to March 21, 1918. On March 3, 1927, the Congress of the United States enacted the following act:
An Act for the Relief of the Royal Holland Lloyd, a Netherlands corporation of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled: That the claim of the Royal Holland Lloyd, owners of the Netherlands steamship Zeelandia, against the United States for damages alleged to have been sustained as a result of the refusal*832 of the Federal authorities to grant clearance to the vessel during the period from October 17, 1917, to March 21, 1918, may be sued for by the said Royal Holland Lloyd in the United States Court of Claims, and said court shall have jurisdiction to he?„r and determine such suit to judgment and either party shall have the right of appeal: Provided, That such notice of the suit shall be given to the Attorney General of the United States as may be provided by order of the said court, and it shall be the duty of the Attorney General to appear and defend for the United States: Provided further, That said suit shall be brought and commenced within four months of the date of the passage of this Act.
Thereafter, pursuant to the said act, the petitioner instituted a suit against the United States in the Court of Claims. On December 7, 1931, the Court of Claims decided that petitioner was entitled to recover $446,826.22, together with interest, as follows:
Loss of use of vessel_$332, 292. 20
Cost and loss on coal- 30, 602. 02
Wages and premiums to crew- 49, 086. 00
Cost of provisioning crew_ 19,126. 00
Cost of repairs and survey and deck and engine room supplies_ 7, 500.00
Cost of port expenses_ 4,192. 50
Cost of water consumed_ 850. 50
Cost of insurance_ 3,177. 00
446, 826. 22
See Royal Holland Lloyd v. United States, 73 Ct. Cls. 722.
On July 18, 1932, the petitioner received from the United States Government a warrant in the amount of $531,356.95 in partial payment of the judgment of the Court of Claims. The payment included damages for the market value of the use of the Zéelandia, and also for the cost and loss of fuel, wages, various repairs, port expenses, water, insurance, and like items, exclusive of any allowance for overhead or advertising expenses, by reason of the refusal of the United States to grant clearance of the steamship ZeelamMa, and the refusal to permit her to leave the harbor of New York from October 22, 1917, to March 20, 1918, together with interest in the amount of $84,531.73.
During the calendar year 1932 and at all times prior thereto the steamship Zeelandia was documented under the laws of The Netherlands; and at all times material hereto the laws of The Netherlands granted to citizens of the United States and to corporations organized in the United States an equivalent exemption to the one granted to the operators of ships under a foreign flag by section 231 (b) of the Revenue Act of 1932.
During the year 1932 the petitioner was not engaged in business in the United States and did not maintain an office for employees kept within the United States.
The Commissioner based his deficiency notice on the following ground:
Tlie compensation determined by tbe Court was based upon tbe boat charter value, that is, tbe amount which it is estimated the corporation would have received if it had not been refused clearance by the United States authorities and could have chartered its boat. It is held that the amount of the award and interest thereon represents taxable income from sources within the United States * * * and therefore taxable under the provisions of section 119 (a) (4) of the Revenue Act of 1932.
The petitioner is a foreign corporation and its gross income is limited by section 231 (a) of the Revenue Act of 1932, which provides :
(a) General Rule. — In the case of a foreign corporation gross income includes only the gross income from sources within the United States.-
The phrase “income from sources within the United States” is defined by section 119 (a) of the same act to include the following general heads:
(1) Interest (on bonds, notes or other interest-bearing obligations of residents, corporate or otherwise, etc.)
(2) Dividends
(3) Personal services
(4) Rentals and royalties
(5) Sale of real property.
It is at once obvious that the amount received by the petitioner does not come within the classification of subdivisions 2, 3, or 5. Subdivision 4 of section 119 on which the respondent relies is as follows:
(4) Rentals and Royalties. — Rentals or royalties from property located in the United States or from any interest in such property, including rentals or royalties for the use of or for the privilege of using in the United States, patents, copyrights, secret processes and formulas, good will, trade marks, trade brands, franchises, and other like property.
We are unable to agree with respondent in this position. The payment made to the petitioner by the United States did not consist of rentals or royalties — it was in settlement of a judgment obtained as just compensation for damages for the unlawful detention of the petitioner’s property. It matters not that the damages may have been measured in part by the “loss of use of the vessel.” The sum received by the petitioner remains the payment of a judgment for damages and does not constitute rent “from property located in the United States.”
Nor do we believe the payment, or any part of it, falls within the first subdivision entitled “interest.” Under well established rule, the “interest” was included in the judgment as part of just compensation for damages sustained. Seaboard Air Line Railway v. United States, 261 U. S. 299; Brooks-Scanlon Corporation v. United States, 265 U. S. 106; Phelps v. United States, 274 U. S. 341. The Board held in Consorzio Venesiano di Armamento e Navigazione, 21 B. T. A. 984, that a payment by the United States to a foreign corporation as just compensation for the taking of property for public use, which payment included an amount equivalent to interest for the period of use, did not result in income under the section here involved. We see no difference of principle in the case at bar. Here, the stipulation denominated the sum of $84,531.73 as the “amount received for damages measured by interest” and in its opinion the Court of Claims stated: “The plaintiff is entitled to interest, as has been said, because such allowance is ‘rightful’ and is necessary adequately to compensate it for the damage.” The facts here are more strongly
We are of the opinion that the payment received by petitioner was not taxable.
Reviewed by the Board.
Decision will he entered for the f&bitioner.
(a) General Definition. — “Gross income” includes gains, profits, and income derived from salaries, wages, or compensation for personal service, of whatever hind and in whatever form paid, or from professions, vocations, trades, businesses, commerce, or sales, or dealings in property, whether real or personal, growing out of the ownership or use of or interest in such property; also from interest, rent, dividends, securities or the transaction of any business carried on for gain or profit, or gains or profits and income derived from any source whatever. [Emphasis supplied.]