MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Plaintiff Thomas Murray (“Murray”) has sued Defendant New Cingular Wireless Services
BACKGROUND
Murray alleges that in October 2004, AT & T sent him a promotion
LEGAL STANDARDS
A plaintiff seeking class certification has the burden of proving that the proposed class meets the requirements of Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Jackson v. National Action Fin. Servs., Inc.,
ANALYSIS
Murray argues that his proposed class meets the requirements of Rule 23(a) and Rule 23(b)(3). Cingular contends that Murray has failed to satisfy his burden because the proposed class does not meet the adequacy, predominance, and superiority requirements of Rule 23. We will consider the class’s suitability for certification under each prong of Rule 23.
I. Rule 23(a) Requirements
A. Rule 23(a)(1): Numerosity
Rule 23(a) requires that a proposed class be so numerous that joinder is impractical. “‘Where the class is large, the numbers alone are dispositive of the impracticability of
B. Rule 23(a)(2): Commonality
A plaintiff must also show that there are questions of fact or law that are common to the class. “A common nucleus of operative fact is usually enough to satisfy the commonality requirement of Rule 23(a)(2).” Rosario,
C. Rule 23(a)(3): Typicality
Rule 23(a)(3) requires that the claims of the class representative be typical of the claims of the entire class. “A plaintiffs claim is typical if it arises from the same event or practice or course of conduct that gives rise to the claims of other class members and his or her claims are based on the same legal theory.” De La Fuente v. Stokely-Van Camp, Inc.,
D. Rule 23(a)(4): Adequacy
To determine if the plaintiff has met the adequacy requirement of Rule 23(a)(4), three factors must be present: “1) the proposed representative does not have antagonistic or conflicting claims with other members of the class; 2) the proposed representative has sufficient interest in the outcome of the case to ensure vigorous advocacy; and 3) its counsel is competent, qualified, experienced and able to vigorously conduct the litigation.” Tatz v. Nanophase Techs. Corp., 01 C 8440,
With respect to the second requirement, Cingular argues that Murray lacks the competency and the interest to vigorously pursue this action on behalf of the other class members because of his health problems— specifically, his recurrent memory loss as a result of a stroke. This Court has closely examined Murray’s deposition testimony. While there is some evidence of memory loss, it is not nearly as extensive as Cingular presents it to be. For example, when asked about the effects of his memory loss, Murray cited examples such as forgetting to lock doors or return phone calls. (R. 40, Def.’s Resp. to Pl.’s Mot. for Class Cert., Ex. D, Pl.’s Dep. at 8-9.) His memory loss hardly
Cingular also argues that Murray has abdicated all responsibility for representing the class’ interests to class counsel as evidenced by his lack of knowledge and understanding of the case. It is well established that a named plaintiffs lack of knowledge and understanding of the case is insufficient to deny class certification, Surowitz v. Hilton Hotels Corp. et al.,
Apparently, Cingular expects Murray to have the same knowledge of the case as his attorneys have. Cingular argues that during his deposition Murray was unable to show that he understood the basis for settling a class, nor could he recall the terms of a settlement for a case he was previously involved in, or that he was aware that his attorneys had filed certain motions in the current case. Understanding the minutia of a case is not a prerequisite to being a class representative. See Culver v. City of Milwaukee,
Finally, Cingular argues that Edelman Combs, the law firm handling this action, has failed to adequately represent the interests of the class. This allegation stems from a motion to reassign filed by Edelman Combs to consolidate six separate FCRA actions pending in this district into one case. Cingular argues that because each case involved a different defendant and a different solicitation, class counsel disregarded the interests of class members in its attempt to lump together cases that necessarily have different merits and interests at stake.
We do not find this argument compelling. It is within an attorney’s discretion to decide how to litigate a ease absent the commission of any egregious or unethical behavior. See, for example, Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corp.,
Cingular further contends that Edelman Combs has abdicated responsibility for this case to one of its youngest attorneys, Thomas Soule.
II. Rule 23(b)(3) Requirements
In addition to the four requirements of Rule 23(a), a plaintiff seeking to certify a class action for monetary damages pursuant to Rule 23(b)(3) also must show that (1) common questions of fact or law predominate over questions affecting individual class members and (2) that a class action is superi- or to other methods of adjudication. Fed. R.Civ.P. 23(b)(3).
In considering Rule 23(b)(3)’s requirements, the court must review the substantive elements of plaintiffs’ cause of action, the proof necessary for the various elements and the manageability of the trial on these issues. The court is obligated to determine whether the existence of individual issues preclude certification, and must take into account the substantive law, facts, procedural due process, and fundamental fairness. Where liability determinations are both individual and fact-intensive, class certification under Rule 23(b)(3) is improper.
Pastor v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 05 C 1459,
A. Predominance
The predominance inquiry is far more demanding than Rule 23(a)’s commonality requirement. Amchem Prods. v. Windsor,
Cingular, citing Cole v. U.S. Capital, Inc.,
Cole can be distinguished from the present case. First, Cole did not involve a motion for class certification, but a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6). The Seventh Circuit’s assessment in Cole, therefore, may be relevant to the merits of this case, but the Court did not discuss whether differences in the value of the promotion to each class members is sufficient to deny class certification.
Second, common issues of fact and law stemming from highly generalized proof (the solicitation) predominate over any individualized assessment that may be needed. If anything, determining the value of the promotion from one class member to another is more relevant to the issue of damages. However, since the class is requesting statutory as opposed to actual damages, the existence of individual damages is not a barrier to class certification. To the extent that any individual damages may be relevant, they are not dispositive. See Murry,
Cingular also argues that even though Murray is requesting statutory damages, Murray still has the burden of proving actual injury or harm, which cannot be resolved on a class wide basis. To receive statutory damages under FCRA, “[t]he plaintiff must only show that the defendant ‘knowingly and intentionally committed an act in conscious disregard for the rights’ of the consumer.” Buxton v. Equifax Credit Info. Servs., 02 C 6288,
Cingular relies very heavily on the Seventh Circuit’s recent decision in Ruffin-Thompkins v. Experian Info. Solutions, Inc.,
Lastly, Cingular argues that there are individualized issues for those class members who signed up for wireless phone service because their claims are subject to arbitration pursuant to the service agreements entered into by such individuals. This argument is moot, however, because the class definition has been narrowed to exclude these individuals, who constitute approximately 5% of the 772,000 individuals who received the mailing. (R. 43, Pl.’s Reply at 5.) Because common questions of law and fact predominate over any individualized inquiries, we find that Murray has satisfied the predominance requirement of Rule 23(b)(3).
B. Superiority
“A class action is superior where potential damages may be too insignificant to provide class members with incentive to pursue a claim individually.” Jackson,
Cingular argues that a class action is not a superior method because the potential statutory award under FCRA is disproportionate to the harm caused. Courts have refused to certify classes where the application of statutory damages is grossly disproportionate to the harm caused because of due process concerns. Id. at *3; In re Trans Union,
FCRA provides a minimum of $100 and a maximum of $1000 in statutory damages. § 1681n(a)(l)(A). This Court is mindful, given the size of the proposed class, of the potentially significant financial impact that a successful class action could have on Cingular. Cingular has not, however, asserted that the potential damages in this case will deal a fatal financial blow to its business in the event of a loss,
It may be that the aggregation in a class action of large numbers of statutory damages claims potentially distorts the purpose of both statutory damages and class actions. If so, such a distortion could create a potentially enormous aggregate recovery for plaintiffs, and thus an in terrorem effect on defendants, which may induce unfair settlements. And it may be that in a sufficiently serious case the due process clause might be invoked, not to prevent certification, but to nullify that effect and reduce the aggregate damage award.
Id.; see also Pichler v. UNITE,
Any risk that reducing the damage award would prevent each class member from recovering the amount that he would otherwise be entitled to if the suit was brought individually is remedied by Rule 23(b)(3)’s notice provisions which allow class members to opt out of the litigation and pursue their own individual suits. See Williams v. GE Capital Auto Lease, 94 C 7410,
Lastly, Cingular takes issue with the size of the putative class arguing that “a class of 772,000 individuals is anything but ‘modest,’ ” and in fact, is “per se excessive.” (R. 30, Def.’s Resp. to Pl.’s Mot. for Class Cert, at 6-7.) To accept this argument would be to ignore the twin aims of the class action procedural device. “Class actions were designed ‘not only to compensate victimized members of groups who are similarly situated ... but also to deter violations of the law, especially when small individual claims are involved.’ ” Gammon v. GC Servs. Ltd. P’ship,
CONCLUSION
For the reasons set forth above, Murray’s motion for class certification is granted. (R. 29-1.) Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(b)(3), this Court will certify a class consisting of all persons with Illinois addresses who received the promotion from AT & T on or after November 24, 2002 and before December 14, 2004 with the exception of those individuals who signed up for AT & T wireless service.
The parties are requested to reevaluate their final settlement positions in light of the opinion prior to the Court’s next status hearing on December 1, 2005 at 9:45 a.m.
Notes
. AT & T Wireless Services, Inc. (“AT & T") was the original defendant in this case, but the company was subsequently acquired by Cingular, which is currently named in this litigation in lieu of AT & T. (R.36, Def.'s Answer to Pl.’s Second Am. Compl. at 1.) For purposes of clarity, we refer to Defendant as AT & T when discussing events that occurred prior to the filing of this litigation.
. AT & T mass mailed a promotion for wireless phone service. Since it is disputed whether this document constitutes a firm offer of credit, the Court will refer to it as a "promotion.’’
. Anyone who uses consumer credit information to extend a firm offer of credit also must comply with the requirements of 1681m which reads in pertinent part:
any person who uses a consumer report ... shall provide with each written solicitation made to the consumer regarding the transaction a clear and conspicuous statement that-(A) information contained in the consumer's consumer report was used in connection with the transaction; (B) the consumer received the offer of credit or insurance because the consumer satisfied the criteria for credit worthiness [creditworthiness] or insurability under which the consumer was selected for the offer; (C) if applicable, the credit or insurance may not be extended if, after the consumer responds to the offer, the consumer does not meet the criteria used to select the consumer for the offer or any applicable criteria bearing on credit worthiness or insurability or does not furnish any required collateral; (D) the consumer has a right to prohibit information contained in the consumer's file with any consumer reporting agency from being used in connection with any credit or insurance transaction that is not initiated by the consumer; and (E) the consumer may exercise the right referred to in subparagraph (D) by notifying a notification system established under section 604(e) [15 USCS § 1681b(e)].
. Murray has been the class representative in a plethora of lawsuit suits: Murray v. Indymac Bank, F.S.B., 04 C 7669 (Der-Yeghiayan, J.); Murray v. AmeriQuest Mortgage, 05 C 1218 (Andersen, J.); Murray v. ELOAN, Inc., 05 CV 1219 (Shadur, J.); Murray v. Household Bank, 05 C 1227 (Gettleman, J.); Murray v. Cross Country Bank, 05 C 1255 (Zagel, J.); Murray v. Finance America, 05 C 1255 (St.Eve, J.); Murray v. First Premiere Bank, 05 C 1873 (Bucklo, J.); Murray v. American International Group, 05 C 3881 (St. Eve, J.); and Murray v. Cingular Wireless II, 05 C 1334 (Manning, J.). Most of these cases are still pending. Household Bank, Cross Country Bank, and Cingular Wireless II were dismissed because the cases were filed after amendments to FCRA eliminated the private right of action under section 1681m(d). Indymac Bank resulted in a class wide settlement. His wife, Nancy Murray, also has served as a class representative. See, e.g., Murray v. Cub Shaver Imports Bradley, Inc., 04 C 7766 and Murray v. Sunrise Chevrolet, Inc. et al, 04 C 7668. In short, Murray has ample experience serving as a class representative.
. We are aware of Judge Der Yeghiayan's recent opinion in Murray v. GMAC Mortgage Corp., 05 C 1229,
While the Murrays have participated in numerous class actions, we have no evidence of any improper actions by Mr. Murray or his attorneys. Nevertheless, the Court will continue to use its supervising responsibilities over this lawsuit to closely monitor these issues.
. Mr. Soule graduated from law school in 2003 and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 2004. (R. 40, Def.'s Resp. to Pl.’s Mot. for Class Cert, at 15.)
. To receive a free wireless phone, the promotion requires consumers to activate a qualified plan that has a minimum one year service agreement, and pay any roaming, additional minutes, and long distances charges. (R.40, Def.'s Resp. to Pl.’s Mot. for Class Cert., Ex. C, AT & T Solicitation.)
. See also Reed v. Experian Info. Solutions, Inc.,
. To find otherwise would mark a departure from standard judicial treatment of statutory damages in this context. For example, statutory and actual damages enjoy similar treatment in other federal consumer protection acts. See, for example, Keele v. Wexler, 95 C 3483,
. In fact, Judge Zagel, who authored the opinion in Sampson, later reconsidered his motion denying class certification and granted certification as to the remaining defendant. Sampson v.
. Murray has asserted that damage award in this case if all class members receive the minimum in statutory damages is $73,340,000. This amount represents 0.2% of Cingular’s net worth or 2.1% of Cingular's cash on hand. (R. 43, Pl.'s Reply at 5-6.)
. The Napster court rejected an argument similar to the one advanced by Cingular, stating:
While these cases [Parker and Trans Union] are doubtlessly correct to note that a punitive and grossly excessive statutory damages award violates the Due Process Clause, it is far from clear why class actions should be singled out for heightened scrutiny under such a theory. Indeed, the sum of the actual damages suffered by a class of plaintiffs will be the same regardless of whether their claims are prosecuted as a single class action or as a myriad of individual suits. In the absence of any theory to explain why the amount of statutory damages awarded would expand faster than the size of the class, the assumption that class action treatment exacerbates concerns about excessive damages awards is either a product of mathematical error or based on the assumption that defendants who injure large number of individuals are less culpable than those who spread the effects of their unlawful conduct less widely. While the former could be chalked up to the mathematical illiteracy of the legal profession, the latter rationale is clearly incompatible with the purpose of Rule 23, which is in part intended to serve as vehicle for redressing widely dispersed harm that might otherwise go uncompensated. Id at 39-40.
