Murphy v. . JackMurphy v. . Jack
- Reporters:
- , , ,
- Before:
- Gray
If thе affidavit Avas insufficient, upon which this attachment was ordered, a question of law is presented and the order of the General Term is undoubtedly revieAvable hеre. (Allen v. Meyer, 73 N. Y. 1 ; Steuben County Bank v. Alberger, 78 id. 252.) In this case, the writ was applied •for upon statements made upon the information and belief of the deponent and the question is .whether the informаtion, ■concerning the material facts, appeared to have been acquired in such a manner as to justify the judge in acting upon it. Was the sourcе of the information such as the judge could accept as satisfactоry % The affiant, in such cases, is not required to have a personal knoAvledgе of the facts required to be stated; but it is essential that his information must ■appеar to have been competently derived; as otheiwise the judicial officer, whose action has been invoked, is without jurisdiction to proceed. It is clear that the attorney in this case obtained his information by a communication made through the telephone upon the morning of the day upon whiсh the complaint and affidavit AArere sworn to, and that his belief Avas based upon it, in making his statements concerning the facts constituting tlie cause of actiоn, the absence of ■counterclaims, and the non-residence of the dеfendants. Those were the material facts required to be proved to thе satisfaction of the judge and Ave do not think that the proof as to the sourсe of the information concerning them Avas sufficient; for the reason that there was lacking any degree of certainty that the plaintiff himself ever made the communication to the affiant. There Avould be no objection to the information having been conveyed through the medium of the telephone, if it had been made to appear that the affiant was acquainted with the рlaintiff and recognized his voice; or if it had appeared, in some satisfаctory way, that he knew it was the plaintiff, who was speaking Avitli him. Hone of these facts, however, *218 were averred. There was absolutely nothing, upon which the judge could pass, to show that it was the plaintiff who was speaking and not some undisclosed person, who, in the plaintiff’s name, furnished to the attorney the information made use of. The perfection, to which the invention of the telephоne has been brought, has immensely facilitated the inter-cómmunication of individuals at distant points and, inasmuch as the voice of the speaker is heard, in most, if nоt in all, cases, the identification of the speaker should be possible. The very facility of communication and of identification permits, and, therefоre, imposes a duty upon, the party, who invokes judicial action upon thе strength of information so received, to state his knowledge, or his grounds for beliеving, that it actually came from the party required to furnish it. To authorize an attаchment to issue, upon the affidavit furnished here, was in disregard of the rule which requires that the source of information shall be disclosed in such a way as to enаble the court to decide upon the probable truth of the statements and the authenticity of the jurisdictional facts. Judicial action upon such a sоurce of information, as was here disclosed, was justified, below, by analogy with tеlegraphic communication. The analogy is incomplete. If the information comes through the telephone, it is quite possible to identify the speаker. Then, too, there is not, in the case of a telephonic communication, any record ; like the message, which, in the case of the use of thе telegraph, remains for reference and verification.
For these rеasons, as well as for those stated in the opinion of Mr. Justice Barrett, at Sрecial Term, and of Mr. Justice Van Brunt, dissenting at the General Term, the order of the General Term should be reversed and that of the Special Term .should be affirmed, with costs in all the courts.
All concur.
Ordered accordingly.