74 Conn. App. 155 | Conn. App. Ct. | 2002
Opinion
The plaintiff, Municipal Funding, LLC, the owner of real property in Waterbury, appeals from the judgment of the trial court dismissing its appeal from the decision of the defendant zoning board of appeals of the city of Waterbury (board),
The following facts are pertinent to our resolution of the plaintiffs appeal. The plaintiff owns real property at 300 Schraffts Drive, which is in the R.M. moderate density residence district (R.M.) and C.A. commercial artery district (C.A.) as defined by the Waterbury zoning regulations (regulations). The plaintiff filed an applica
A public hearing on the plaintiffs application ensued. At the hearing, the following evidence was adduced. The foundation intended to utilize the facility as a long-term, drug free residential treatment facility providing educational, vocational and clinical services to approximately 125 adolescents and young adults with severe substance abuse or dependence problems. Most residents of the facility would be referred to the foundation by various state agencies, school systems and the department of correction and generally would remain in the program from six months to two years.
During the hearing, Allen Brown, the chief executive officer of the foundation, and Samuel Ball, the foundation’s director of residential services and an associate professor of psychiatry at Yale Medical School, spoke on behalf of granting the special exception. Brown testified that the foundation, a nonprofit organization that is an affiliate of the Yale School of Medicine, has been in existence since 1968 and has operated the identical program in Newtown for the past fifteen years. Brown stated that the program in Newtown has been very
The proposed facility would have a ratio of two residents per one staff worker. The residents would not be permitted to have automobiles, and, although the facility would not be locked, the residents would not be permitted to leave the premises freely. Brown further stated that in the thirty years of operating similar programs, rarely has a resident ever left the facility, but that the few who have wandered away simply return to their respective homes. With respect to the security of the facility, Brown stated that the staff monitors all movement within the building, but the foundation does not employ a special security force. In the thirty years that the foundation has operated similar programs, it has had very few problems with neighbors. The foundation also will not accept violent offenders or sex offenders into its program. He further stated that “[a]ddiction is a medical infirmity . . . equivalent to having diabetes or hypertension or heart disease.” Remaining drug free also is a prerequisite to participation in the program. Residents in the facility would be subjected to random drug tests and would be discharged immediately from the program if the result is positive.
Ball explained that the proposed facility would house fifty staff members, comprised of two physicians, two clinical psychologists, four social workers, four social workers with master’s degrees, four nurses, a vocational counselor and various residential counselors. Ball added that “addiction is a physical disorder . . . because the brain is altered as a function of [drug abuse] . . . [and] that does not go away immediately with the cessation of drugs or alcohol use . . . .”
The plaintiff subsequently appealed from the board’s decision to the trial court pursuant to General Statutes § 8-8. Dismissing the plaintiffs appeal, the court concluded that “a review of the record shows that the board had ‘substantial evidence’ to sustain its denial of the special exception application,” and therefore that it could not “say that the board acted arbitrarily . . . .” This appeal followed.
As previously set forth, on appeal to this court, the plaintiff contends that the trial court improperly concluded that the board possesses the discretion to deny a special exception application on the ground of public safety when insufficient evidence exists in the record to support such a finding.
We first set forth the appropriate standard of review. Whether a zoning board grants a special exception, also known as a special permit,
“When ruling upon an application for a special [exception], a planning and zoning board acts in an administrative capacity. . . . Generally, it is the function of a zoning board or commission to decide within prescribed limits and consistent with the exercise of
“[C]ourts are not to substitute their judgment for that of the board, and . . . the decisions of local boards will not be disturbed as long as honest judgment has been reasonably and fairly made after a full hearing .... The trial court’s function is to determine on the basis of the record whether substantial evidence has been presented to the board to support [the board’s] findings. . . . [E]vidence is sufficient to sustain an agency finding if it affords a substantial basis of fact from which the fact in issue can be reasonably inferred. . . . Where the board states its reasons on the record we look no further. . . . Where, however, the board has not articulated the reasons for its actions, the court must search the entire record to find a basis for the board’s decision. . . . More specifically, the trial court must determine whether the board has acted fairly or with proper motives or upon valid reasons. . . . We, in turn, must determine whether the court properly concluded that the board’s decision to [deny the application for a special permit] was arbitrary, illegal or an abuse of discretion.” (Citations omitted; internal quota
Before analyzing the merits of the plaintiffs claim, we first must set forth the applicable zoning regulations and statutes that formed the basis of the board’s decision. Section 5.13-13 of the regulations provides in relevant part that “[convalescent homes, rest homes, and nursing homes may be a permitted use in the R.M., R.H. [high density residence] and C.A. districts,” subject to a public hearing approval of a special exception by the board of appeals.
The parties do not dispute whether the plaintiffs proposal satisfied the physical requirements of § 5.13-
On the basis of our review of the record, we conclude that the board acted arbitrarily in denying the plaintiffs application. There was no evidence or testimony presented to the board to warrant a finding that this particular proposed facility posed a threat to public safety. As the court stated, Brown testified that the facility is not locked and that the program does not permit residents to keep automobiles on the property. Brown further stated, however, that in thirty years of running similar' programs, residents rarely have wandered away, and the few who have left return to their own homes and do not go into the surrounding neighborhoods. Since the inception of the program, there have been few, if any, security or safety issues. The program was run with such success in Newtown that it received special recognition from that town. Moreover, those who have committed either violent or sex crimes are not admitted into the program. Abstinence from all substances also is a prerequisite to entering the facility, and those who relapse, or fail a randomly administered drug test are ejected immediately.
Although several residents from the area spoke against the granting of the permit, they solely voiced their own personal views and fears. As the court stated,
In dismissing the plaintiffs appeal, the court also appears to have relied on the plaintiffs testimony regarding the fact that the facility would be unlocked and that a security force would not be employed. We conclude that those two bare facts, without more, are insufficient to support a finding that the proposed facility would compromise public safety. Given the plaintiffs testimony that it operated an identical program in Newtown for the past fifteen years with very few, if any, incidents, we fail to discern how the plaintiffs statements constituted proof of a threat to public safety. Moreover, neither the plaintiff nor its opponents presented to the board any specific examples or prior situations of security breaches linking the lack of locks and a security force to public safety concerns. To the contrary, the fact that there have been relatively few, if any, problems in Newtown, a facility that was unlocked and without a security force, demonstrates that the proposed facility does not pose a threat to public safety.
We therefore conclude that there is no evidence in the record of any actual or reasonable public safety concerns. Accordingly, because the substantial evidence in the record does not support the board’s reason for denying the plaintiffs application for a special exception, the board’s decision was unreasonable and arbitrary. The court thus improperly dismissed the plaintiffs appeal.
The judgment is reversed and the case is remanded with direction to render judgment sustaining the plaintiffs appeal.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
Also named as defendants were Joseph Caiazzo, the board’s chairman, and Cassandra McDaniel Pender, the city clerk of the city of Waterbury.
The plaintiff raises the following two issues in its brief, which we deem to be the same claim: “I. Did the trial court err in concluding that the [board] has the discretion to deny a special permit on general grounds of public safety and welfare when there is no evidence in the record to support a public safety concern?
“II. Did the trial court err in concluding that the [board] has the unlimited discretion to deny a special permit on the basis of speculation or perception only as to a possible public safety concern?”
Section 5.13-13 of the Waterbury zoning regulations provides in relevant part: “Convalescent homes, rest homes, and nursing homes may be a permitted use in the R.M., R.H. [high density residence] and C.A. districts, subject to a public hearing [and] approval of a special exception by the zoning board of appeals . . .
The state apparently notified the foundation that it had to vacate the Newtown facility due to private redevelopment plans.
We read the plaintiffs claim to be that the board exceeded its discretion and not that the board lacks any discretion to determine whether to grant a special exception, as the defendant suggests. To the extent that the plaintiff intended to make such an argument, however, as will be explained, we reject the notion that the board lacked any discretion in the matter.
A special exception and a special permit are synonymous terms and may be used interchangeably. Grosso v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 69 Conn. App. 230, 242 n.7, 794 A.2d 1016 (2002).
Section 5.13-13 of the Waterbury zoning regulations provides further requires the proposed convalescent home, rest home or nursing home to meet certain standards with respect to occupancy, parking, size, location and placement of the facility on the property itself. It appears, and the parties do not dispute, that the plaintiffs proposal meets all of those conditions.