Muir v. Miller

Jan 28, 1891

Reporters:
Before:: Grranger

GrRANGER, J.

I. It is insisted to us that the action of the district court in sustaining the demurrer ’ c¡S“-’ was error. A ground of the demurrer is “that £<^e f8,0^3 therein stated show that the cause of action as therein stated is not a proper subject of equity jurisdiction.” It is not to be seriously questioned that the relief sought in the cross-petition is in the nature of a counterclaim. It asks affirmative relief in favor of the defendant against the plaintiff, and is a cause of action connected with the subject of the action brought by the plaintiff. Code, sec. 2659, subd. 2. As before stated, this is an action for the recovery of specific personal property. Section 3226 of the Code is in the chapter “ Of actions for the recovery of specific personal property,” and provides: “The action shall be by ordinary proceedings, but ’ there shall be no joinder of any cause of action not of the same kind, nor shall there be allowed any counterclaim.” An equitable counterclaim pleaded in an action for the recovery of specific ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍personal property is certainly “not a proper subject of equity jurisdiction,” for it is forbidden by the statute. The question does not admit of elaboration, and the district court did not err in sustaining the demurrer.

II. The prominent question of fact in the case arose under the allegation by the plaintiff that S. J. 2‘ resüís»Souraot: Miller was “ enfeebled in body and mind, an(^ entirely incapacitated to transact any business of importance, especially that of deeding or giving away his property,” and that the defendants took “ advantage of the incapacity * * *705and, by persuasion and nndne influence, wrongfully obtained” the property. At the close of the plaintiff’s direct testimony the defendant moved the court to direct a verdict for the defendant, assigning as reasons therefor that the evidence failed to show the condition of mind or influence as alleged to an extent to justify a recovery, which the court refused, and the appellant complains of its action. The questions thus presented have received careful consideration, and the point may be dismissed with the statement that we believe under the rule so often announced, the evidence to be such that this court should not interfere with the action of the court below.

A further ground of the motion is that “there is no evidence of a legal rescission of the assignment or tender back to defendant.” When the assignment or division of the property was made the sons gave back to the father a contract in writing to support him during his life, but nothing was ever done by them in pursuance of it, and there has been no offer by the plaintiff to return the contract. The motion has reference to the return of this contract. The point is not well taken. The father being dead, the obligation for support is at an end, and was at the commencement of the suit. There is, in legal contemplation, nothing to return.

III. Ettie Miller is the wife of the defendant, and was present at the time of the division of the property, 8 _¡evidence: wfthSperlons deoeased. and aided in ascertaining the amounts by* computing interest, and there was a general conversation between the father and those ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍present, sometimes one talking to him and sometimes another,‘but the communications were not what should be called communications between him and any particular person. The parties were to confer with him in regard to the division of the property, and the communications were generally between him and all that were present, a,nd in a sense that they were personal as to all. Ettie Miller was one of the number, and the court refused, on the objection of the plaintiff, to allow *706her to state some of the conversations, and we think correctly. Being the wife of the defendant, she was disqualified, under Code, section 3639. The cases of Lines v. Lines, 54 Iowa, 600, and Smith v. James, 72 Iowa, 515, are not in point.

IV. Thomas Miller was a witness for the plaintiff, and, against objections by the defendant, was allowed 4 the same to testify as to communications and transactions between himself and the father. There was no error in this. He is not a party, nor has he any interest to disqualify him under code, section 3639. He is, of course, an heir, and was interested in the division of the property, but not in this suit. Any interest he may have is contingent and uncertain. Wormley v. Hamburg, 40 Iowa, 22, and Zerbe v. Reigart, 42 Iowa, 229.

Some fifteen or twenty days after the division of the property, because of some talk or feeling about who received the balance of the seventh share after what was paid to the children of the daughter, Thomas procured his father to sign a certificate that neither he, Samuel, John nor George received any part of it. Thomas was allowed to state in evidence a conversation he had with the defendant about the paper, and that he (Thomas) took the paper, after the talk to his’ father, and burned it in his presence. A copy of this paper was put in evidence, of which there is complaint, and it seems to us that the testimony was immaterial as bearing on any issue involved. It had no bearing on the condition of the father or the fact of undue influence; but we do not see how prejudice could have resulted. The fact as to who received the excess ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍of the seventh share otherwise appeared in the case. The point is not controlled by the rule in Bixby v. Carskaddon, 70 Iowa, 726.

V. Mrs. Elizabeth Miller testified to conversations she had with her father, in which he said the boys _. contraot. eíoeuelnflu” wanted Mm to divide his property, and this question was asked: “Hid he make any statement as to which ope of the boys ■ ■ *707wanted Mm. to divide up his notes before he did so ? A. Yes; he toM me the boys wanted him to divide up his notes.” A motion to strike the answer, because incompetent, was overruled, and rightly so. It is urged that there is nothing to show that James was one of the “boys to whom he alluded,” but that would make no difference. If he was in such a condition of mind that because of undue influence his gift was invalid, the fact that there was not a concerted effort or conspiracy to influence him would not affect the result, nor would it that only a part of the “boys” influenced him to make the division or gift.

YI. Complaint is made of a neglect or refusal to instruct that a demand for the property was necessary 6 _instrue putei fact?’ before the action could be brought. An ! instruction- to that effect was asked and refused, but the fact was unquestioned in the proof, and the court had the right to treat it as an established fact in the case, which it did.

Some other questions are presented as to evidence and instructions that we need not consider, as they relate to the sufficiency of the testimony, and as to which our opinion is expressed in the second division of the opinion. Some of the. questions urged in assignments have reference only to questions arising under the allegations of the cross-petition to which the demurrer was sustained, and do not properly arise under the issues presented to a jury.

The judgment should be and is aeeirmed.

SUPPLEMENTAL OPINION.

Tuesday, June 2, 1891.

Granger, J.

It is perhaps due that one point presented by a petition for rehearing should receive notice in an additional opinion. In the first division of the opinion it is held that the cross-petition, ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍to which • a demurrer was sustained, presented a counterclaim. The correctness of the holding is vigorously assailed, *708and, as authority against the holding, we are referred to Stuart v. Hines, 33 Iowa, 60 ; Burroughs v. McLain, 37 Iowa, 189; Walker v. Land Co., 66 Iowa, 751; Kavaleir v. Machula, 77 Iowa, 121; Haywood v. Seeber, 61 Iowa, 574. These cases, in the main, hold to a rule like this: ■ That where facts pleaded are intended as defensive matter only, but a relief is asked which such defensive facts would authorize, it will not be regarded as a counterclaim. In most, if not all, of such cases, it will appear, upon examination, that the relief asked would result, by legal operation, as well without as with the prayer for relief. In none of the cases referred to does it appear that a counterclaim was intended, which is not true of the case at bar. In view of our statute, we need not consider the technical definition of the terms, “counter” and “counterclaim.” An amendment to the answer is entitled, “Additional answer and cross-petition.” The plaintiff’s petition in this case seeks recovery from the defendant because he obtained the property from Samuel J. Miller when he was in such a condition of mind that he was incapacitated to contract or transact business. The cross-petition is too lengthy to reproduce in an opinion, without a more urgent demand than appears here, but it is there claimed that, “ even though it should be found that the decedent was not, at the time of said division, of sound mind, or that the division was made by reason of undue influence,” still, because of other facts that are recited in the cross-petition, it is claimed the defendant should have the title confirmed in him, and to that end have the cause consolidated with other causes, in which this defendant is not a party, and the cause when consolidated tried by equitable proceedings, and the title of other property determined against the plaintiff. Thus the cross-petition not only seeks to change the kind of action, but the parties and the subject-matter of the action, and the judgment sought is one that could not be obtained under a merely ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍defensive plea. The prayer asks an adjudication on the cross-petition, while the answer in other parts and respects pleads defensive *709matter. It is not the office of a cross-petition to plead defensive matter, bnt to present a cross-demand. Under the revision, a cross-demand was recognized, and was new matter pleaded by the defendant against the plaintiff, and on which the defendant might have brought an action when the suit was commenced. Revision, sec. 2891. If the ■ cross-petition presents a canse of action, — which we may assume, — it is an action that the defendant might have brought against the plaintiff, independent of this suit, to settle the title to the property against his claim to it as administrator. The section of the Revision, by which certain facts constitute a cross-demand, is copied into the claim. Code, sec. 2659. The cross-petition is, both in name and substance, something more than a defensive plea. It presents a cross-demand, and a cross-demand, under the Code, is a counterclaim. A counterclaim cannot be pleaded to an action of this kind.

The petition for a rehearing is overruled.