326 S.W.2d 493 | Tenn. | 1959
For convenience, the parties hereto will be designated in this opinion, as in the lower court, as complainant and defendant, Mrs. Mount having been the
This canse is before ns on its third appeal from the Chancery Conrt of Shelby County. The first appeal was from a decree of Hon. Hamilton E. Little, Chancellor, who has since died. The second and third appeals were from decrees of Chancellor Rives A. Manlier. The cause originated by a bill for separate maintenance, later amended to pray for an absolute divorce. There was an answer and cross bill which prayed for an absolute divorce. On the hearing prior to the first appeal, Chancellor Little dismissed both the original bill and the cross bill, and made no provision for the support or maintenance of the complainant. On the first appeal, this Court reversed the Chancellor, granted to Mrs. Mount a decree of divorce on the ground of two years desertion, and also on the ground of cruel and inhuman treatment, and awarded alimony to Mrs. Mount, consisting of the defendant’s interest in the home place owned by the parties as tenants by the entireties, together with all of the furniture therein, plus the monthly sum of $400 to be paid by defendant. Certiorari was granted by the Supreme Court, where the decree of this Court was reversed, as was also the decree of the Chancellor. From the decree entered in the Supreme Court, we quote, as follows :
.“It is therefore ordered and decreed by the Court that the decrees of the Chancellor and the Court of Appeals be reversed; and that this cause be remanded to the Chancery Court of Shelby County for further proceedings in accordance with the Court’s opinion, a certified copy of which will accompany the procedendo on remand; and for the collection of the*33 cost of the court below, for all of which let proce-dendo issue.”
From the opinion of the Supreme Court, written by Mr. Chief Justice Neil, we quote as follows:
“We think the Chancellor erred in dismissing the original bill as amended. When he examined the parties in open court at the conclusion of the testimony and learned from them that there was no possibility of a reconciliation, he should have entered a decree from bed and board on behalf of Mrs. Mount and made a proper allowance for her support, retaining the cause in court for such other and further orders and decrees as future developments might require.
“The Court of Appeals is reversed and the cause is remanded for the entry of a decree in accordance with this opinion. Pending the entry of any decree, based upon any future hearing by the Chancellor, the temporary allowance of $200.00 per month to Mrs. Mount will remain in full force and effect. However, this may be increased or reduced as the Chancellor may see fit.
“As to any further determination of the marital and property rights of the parties, including an allowance of additional counsel fees for Mrs. Mount’s solicitor, we leave to the sound judgment and discretion of the Chancellor.”
Divorce being exclusively a statutory right in Tennessee, no divorce, either absolute or from bed and hoard, should have been granted to either complianant or defendant, unless on proof of one or more of the grounds
After the remand by .the Supreme Court, at a hearing before Chancellor Rives A. Manker, who had succeeded Hon. Hamilton E. Little, complainant was awarded a decree, of divorce from bed and board, together with an award .of $350.00 per month as alimony, and the additional sum of $500.00 as fee for services of her attorney. This decree provided, also, that after one year either party might apply to have the divorce made absolute. From the opinion of Chancellor Manker, we quote, as follows:
“Prom all of which it appears, and the Court finds, that the grounds alleged in complainant’s original and amended and supplemental bills are true; that defendant is guilty of such cruel and inhuman treatment or conduct towards her as renders cohabitation*35 unsafe and improper and for her to be under bis dominion and control, and that complainant is entitled to a decree from bed and board, as ordered and decreed by the Supreme Court.
“The Court further finds from its interpretation of the opinion of the Supreme Court and from the applicable law, that the property rights of these parties are not affected by this decree, but that defendant should contribute to complainant a reasonable amount for her support; that said sum is $300.00 per month; that as long, however, as defendant continues to occupy the furnished residence owned by these parties as tenants by the entireties, he should contribute the additional sum of $50.00 per month for complainant’s support, and continue to maintain the monthly mortgage payments upon said property, in.the approximate sum of $50.00,. and the taxes and insurance thereon; further that the Court "was not directed by the Supreme Court to fix in solido alimony for complainant, as prayed by her, during the time the bed and board divorce is in effect. . . :
“The Court further finds that.a reasonable fee for services to date for complainant’s solicitor is the.’.' sum of $500.00, in addition to .a like sum heretofore' : allowed.
“It is therefore,- ordered, adjudged and decreed:
“1. That Floy Humphrey Mount, complainant, herein, be and she.is awarded a bed and board divorce from defendant, William Wilson Mount. • ..
“2. That after the expiration of one year from the , entry of this decree, either.party may.apply to make.: this divorce absolute. ... .
*36 “3. That defendant pay to complainant, beginning April 1, 1957, the snm of $350.00 per month as alimony, pending farther orders of this Court, the cause being retained for all purposes.
“4. That defendant pay complainant’s solicitor, Thomas F. Turley, Jr., the additional sum of $500.00 as fee for services rendered to complainant to date.
“5. The costs of this cause are adjudged against defendant, for all of which execution may issue.
“6. Defendant will maintain the mortgage payments, taxes, insurance and repairs upon the residence of these parties.
“To all of which, except the portion thereof decreeing her a divorce from bed and board as ordered by the Supreme Court, complainant respectfully excepts and prays an appeal to the next term of the Court of Appeals in Jackson, which appeal is granted, and complainant having tendered her pauper’s oath for appeal, the same is ordered filed and the appeal stands perfected.”
On the second appeal, this Court reversed the Chancellor as to the amount of his award of counsel fees for complainant’s lawyer, and, so as to transfer to complainant the title to one of the automobiles owned by defendant; but, in other respects, the Chancellor’s decree was affirmed because, the divorce being from bed and board, only, it was the opinion of this Court that the Chancellor had not abused his discretion with reference to the award made by him pending the application for an absolute divorce. There was no petition for certiorari on the second appeal. From the opinion of this Court, on the second appeal, written by Carney, J., we quote as follows:
*37 “The Chancellor was of opinion that $300.00 per month was a reasonable sum for the complainant’s support, but in view of the fact that the defendant continued to live in the home owned by the parties as tenants by the entireties, the Chancellor ordered the defendant to pay to the complainant the sum of $350.00 per month as alimony and required the defendant to continue paying the monthly payments on the mortgage indebtedness on said home in the amount of approximately $48.00 per month.
“It is to be observed that the parties are still married and theoretically, at least, a reconciliation may occur within the year’s legal separation provided by the Chancellor’s decree, making a final adjudication of the property rights between the parties unnecessary.
“The general rule is that the trial court is vested with wide discretion in matters of divorce, alimony, attorney’s fees, custody and support of minor children, and appellate courts will not interfere except upon a showing of an abuse of that discretion. Marmino v. Marmino, 34 Tenn. App. 352, 238 S. W. (2d) 105; Grant v. Grant, 39 Tenn. App. 539, 286 S. W. (2d) 349.
“Bearing this rule in mind, and bearing in mind that there will probably be a hearing by the Chancellor on a petition to make the divorce final and absolute, we feel constrained to overrule those assignments of error relating to the refusal of the Chancellor to decree to the wife full title to the home, the furniture and a portion of the life insurance.
*38 ■ “It is apparent to this Conrt that'the defendant has been father callous in money matters toward the complainant since their separation. From November!!}, 1954 through June 1955, the defendant did not contribute anything to the complainant’s support'. For the months of July, August, September and October 1955, he paid the sum of $250.00' per month pursuant to the' order entered on June '27,1955. The defendant-paid $100.00 in December 1955 pursuant to an order of Chancellor Little which was subsequently withdrawn. The defendant paid, nothing-to the complainant for her support after December 1955 while her appeal was pending before the Supreme Court of Tennessee.. Beginning in December 1956, it appears that the defendant paid to the complainant pursuant to the order of the Supreme Court $200.00 per month during the months of December 1956, January, February and March 1957.
“In March 1957, the defendant was' ordered by Chancellor • Manher to pay the $350.00 per month which is the subject of this appeal in this Court by Mrs. Mount. Thus, for the 29 months ’ period from November 1954 through March 1957, the defendant has contributed only $1900.00 to the support, of the complainant, and all of this pursuant to court.orders. However, it is to be noted that the $350.00 per month allowed by the Chancellor is only for the period.covered .by. the divorce.from bed and board and was .clearly not intended, by the Chancellor- to be. a final determination of the monthly. support. which the complainant would be entitled to if .and when an .absolute divorce should be awarded to her. We cannot say the Chancellor abused his discretion in failing to*39 allow Mrs. Mount more than $350.00 for the period of the divorce from bed and board and the assignment of error is therefore, respectfully overruled.
“We think we should mention that our approval of the award of $350.00 per month by the Chancellor for the support of the complainant during- the one .-.year- separation period under the divorce from bed and board in no wise indicates an opinion by this Gourt that such an amount would he adequate if and- - when the divorce should be made final and absolute.”
This Court’s opinion on the second appeal is in harmony with and is supported by many decisions of this state. See Chenault v. Chenault, 37 Tenn. 248; Boggers v. Boggers, 65 Tenn. 299, 300; Jarnigan v. Jarnigan, 80 Tenn. 292; Howell v. Thompson, 95 Tenn. 396, 32 S. W. 309; and Edwards v. Edwards, 8 Tenn. Civ. A. 482.
In the face of the above language quoted from the opinion of this Court, and notwithstanding the recital in his. own decree granting a divorce from bed and hoard to Mrs. Mount, “that defendant is guilty of- such cruel and inhuman treatment or conduct toward her as renders cohabitation unsafe and- improper and for her to be under, his dominion and control, and that complainant is entitled to a decree from bed and board, as ordered and decreed by Supreme Court”, when the cause came on for hearing at the end of one year on Mrs. Mount’s petition for án absolute divorce, which was granted. ■ Chancellor Manker stated in his opinion that' neither of the parties was at fault and that, therefore, he should merely divide their "property between them without'making* any additional award in favor of Mrs. Mount- -as', alimony,
The making of an adequate award by this Court is simplified by reason of the fact that the parties stipulated, not only as to the amount of defendant’s income, but also as to the extent and value of his property holdings. Three separate stipulations were filed, all of which ap
Along with his answer to the petition of Mrs. Mount for absolute divorce, defendant filed an exhibit setting
Since we have held that tbe Chancellor abused' his discretion in refusing to award substantial alimony to tbe complainant, it becomes our duty, on tbis appeal, to award to complainant tbe measure of alimony which, in our opinion, should have been awarded by tbe Chancellor in tbe exercise of bis sound discretion. We think tbe law in Tennessee on tbis subject,'which we will now undertake to apply, is summarized in thé case of Rush v. Rush, 33 Tenn. App. 496, 503-505, 232 S. W. (2d) 333, 336, From tbe opinion of tbis Court in that case, written by Anderson, P. J., we quote as follows:
■ “Alimony is allowed in recognition of tbe hus-. band’s common law liability to support .the wife. The amount is in tbe sound discretion of tbe judge or „ chancellor and bis action will not be disturbed except. in a clear case of abuse of that discretion, Walden v. Walden, supra, (13 Tenn. App. 337, 344).. No hard-. . and fast rule: can be laid down for the determination of the amount of tbe. award or the. form which it: takes, and there has been no..attempt in tbe adjudicated cases to do so. Tbe facts and circumstances in each particular case must govern... While it has been said that where tbe award is in solido it is not usual to allow more than half of tbe husband’s*43 estate after mating deductions for his indebtedness, Stillman v. Stillman, 66 Tenn. 169, the authority of the court to award all or any part of the husband’s estate according to the particular facts or circumstances has been recognized. Boggers v. Boggers, 65 Tenn. 299.
“In Williams v. Williams, 146 Tenn. 38, 44, 236 S. W. 938, 940, the court makes this pertinent statement: ‘The husband owes the duty to his wife of rendering to her suitable support without reference to her financial condition. He ought not to be allowed to escape the performance of that duty by.affording his wife cause for separation and placing her in a financial situation worse than it was before his misconduct brought about a legal separation.’
“Formerly, it was the uniform practice in a case of absolute divorce granted to the wife to award alimony in solido from such resources as the husband-had at the time. Indeed, it was held that in such a case, the court had no power to bind the future earnings of the husband. Boggers v. Boggers, 65 Tenn. 299. See also Chenault v. Chenault, 37 Tenn. 248. While it is still the general rule to award alimony in gross where the estate of the husband is such as to serve the purpose of the law, a decree awarding alimony in futuro is valid and enforceable in this jurisdiction, and where the husband has no estate which will answer the purpose, but has an earning capacity, a monthly allowance to be paid by him by way of alimony, is authorized. Brown v. Brown, 156 Tenn. 619, 4 S. W. (2d) 345; Buchholtz v. Buchholtz, 175 Tenn. 87, 132 S. W. (2d) 208.
*44 “Those cases in which an award in solido of from one-third to one-half of the husband’s property have been made, were cases in which the property was of such a nature as that it reasonably could be expected that the wife would be able to derive from that portion, support comparable to that afforded her by the husband, leaving her, to paraphrase the words of the court in Williams v. Williams, supra, in no worse financial situation than she was in before the misconduct of the husband brought about the separation.
“In holding authorized under proper circumstances an award of alimony to be paid in monthly installments out of future earnings of the husband, our court has recognized that the great increase in recent years of the number of those who depend almost exclusively upon wages for a livelihood, has made impracticable in many cases an award in solido which will answer the exactions of the law. And we apprehend it to be the rule that in a ease like the present, where the husband has no property except an interest in the home and in the household furnishings, his earning capacity is a factor to be considered in determining whether his entire interest in such property shall be given the wife, where the chancellor conceives to be proper an award in solido rather than an award in the form of monthly installments to be paid by the husband.
‘ ‘ This view finds recognition, impliedly at least, in the case of Taylor v. Taylor, 144 Tenn. 311, 232 S. W. 445.”
In the instant case, we have the situation of a wife, the complainant, at the present time 46 years of age,
It results that the decree of the Chancery Court must be reversed. A decree may be entered here in conformity with this opinion, after which this cause will be remanded to the Chancery Court of Shelby County with instructions to retain same in court for the enforcement of said decree, and for modification Or alteration of the monthly sums to be paid by defendant, if and when circumstances warrant such modification or alteration. The costs of this cause, including those of the lower court, will be'adjudged against the defendant,'William Wilson Mount.
