155 F.2d 25 | 9th Cir. | 1946
Appellee (United States Appliance Corporation) sued appellants (Tomlinson I. Moseley, Ralph M. Keele and Keelmo Company) and Beauty Shop Supply Company Inc., hereafter called Beauty Shop, for infringement of a patent (No. 1,984,585) owned by appellee. Appellee’s prayer was for an injunction and an accounting of profits and damages. Defenses were that the patent was invalid, and that, if valid, it was not infringed. Trial was had, and a decree was entered dismissing the suit. We affirmed the decree as to Beauty Shop and reversed it as to appellants.
Our mandate was issued on December 3, 1941, and was filed in the District Court on December 6, 1941. On January 10, 1942, that court entered an interlocutory judgment which, in conformity with our mandate, directed that an injunction be issued against appellants, and that an accounting of profits and damages be hadt from them, and referred the case to a master to ascertain such profits and damages and to report the same to the court. The master heard evidence and on March 18, 1941, filed his report. Exceptions to the report were filed by appellants and by appellee. Appellants’ exceptions were overruled. Some of appel-lee’s exceptions were overruled, and some were allowed. Thereupon the court stated its findings and conclusions and on November 14, 1944, entered a judgment in favor of appellee for sums aggregating $12,186.13. From that judgment this appeal is prosecuted.
Appellee’s patent was issued on December 18, 1934. Appellants infringed it by making, using and causing to be made, sold and used a device, hereafter called the infringing device, which Keele claimed to have invented after December 18, 1934. On December 13, 1935, Keele and Moseley agreed that Keele should “convey” to Moseley a one-half interest in the claimed invention (the infringing device) and should apply for a patent therefor, that Moseley should “finance” the patenting thereof, and that all. profits derived therefrom should be divided equally between them. Pursuant to the agreement, Keele assigned to Moseley a one-half interest in the claimed invention on February 21, 1936, and applied for a patent on May 16, 1936. The assignment was filed in the patent office.
About the middle of 1936, Keele, acting for himself and Moseley, had an interview with Paul Rilling, president of Rilling-Arnao Company, showed Rilling the infringing device, showed him how it worked, and told him that he, Keele, had invented it. Thereby Keele sought to, and did, interest Rilling-Arnao Company in obtaining a license to manufacture and sell the infringing device.
On October 22, 1936, Keele and Moseley formed Keelmo Company, a California corporation. Keelmo Company was dominated and controlled by Keele and Moseley. They owned all its stock. They and their attorney were its directors. Moseley was its president, Keele its vice president. On November 29, 1936, Keele and Moseley assigned to Keelmo Company all their “rights,' title and interest in, to and under” the claimed invention (the infringing device) and any patent which might be issued therefor.
On February 25, 1937, Keelmo Company and Rilling-Arnao Company made an agreement whereby Keelmo Company licensed Rilling-Arnao Company to manufacture and sell the infringing device. In consideration thereof, Rilling-Arnao Company paid Keel-mo Company $2,500 and agreed to pay it specified royalties thereafter. Under that agreement, Rilling-Arnao Company manufactured and sold the infringing device and paid Keelmo Company royalties of $27,200.-17, which, with the $2,500 previously paid, amounted to $29,700.17. From other sources, Keelmo received “accountable profits” of $4,005, making a total of $33,705.17. Allowable deductions amounted to $10,532.91, leaving a balance of $23,172.26. The court concluded that appellee should recover of appellants “and/or either of them” $11,586.-13 (one-half of $23,172.26) and, in addition, should recover $500 of Keele and $100 of Moseley. Hence the judgment here appealed from.
The act of licensing Rilling-Arnao Company to manufacture and sell the infringing device was itself an act of infringement.
Appellants’ brief states that “there is no charge or evidence of any dishonest motive, intent to accomplish a wrong or perpetrate a fraud in the formation of Keelmo [Company].” The statement is incorrect. The evidence shows that- Keelmo Company was formed for the purpose of infringing appel-lee’s patent by licensing the manufacture and sale of the infringing device.
Appellants say that “the corporation [Keelmo Company] and its stockholders [Keele and Moseley] must be treated as separate entities.” They were so treated in this case. The court held — and correctly held— that the corporation was the alter ego of its stockholders,
Judgment affirmed.
United States Appliance Corporation v. Beauty Shop Supply Co., 9 Cir., 121 F.2d 149.
A patent for the infringing device was issued to Keele, as assignor to Keelmo Company, on January 10, 1940.
Meaning, obviously, the license agreement between Keelmo Company and Rill-ing-Arnao Company.
National Mechanical Directory Co. v. Polk, 9 Cir., 121 F. 742; Toppan v. Tiffany Refrigerator Car Co., C.C.N.D. Ill., 39 F. 420; Ruth v. Stearns-Roger Mfg. Co., D.C.Colo., 13 F.Supp. 697, 714, affirmed in Stearns-Roger Mfg. Co. v. Ruth, 10 Cir., 62 F.2d 442; 3 Walker on Patents, Deller’s Edition, § 437, p. 1649.
Keele so testified.
Hitchcock v. American Plate Glass Co., 3 Cir., 259 F. 948; Denominational Envelope Co. v. Duplex Envelope Co., 4 Cir., 80 F.2d 186; General Electric Co. v. Wabash Appliance Co., 2 Cir., 93 F.2d 671; Southwestern Tool Co. v. Hughes Tool Co., 10 Cir., 98 F.2d 42; General Motors Corp. v. Provus, 7 Cir., 100 F. 2d 5,62; Dean Rubber Mfg. Co. v. Killian, 8 Cir., 106 F.2d 316.
See Imperial Paper & Color Corporation v. Sampsell, 9 Cir., 114 F.2d 49, 52, and cases there cited.