274 N.W. 23 | Iowa | 1937
[1] It appears from the record that Moseley, executrix of the estate of La Var, contended that the appellant was indebted to her in her representative capacity for moneys alleged to have been wrongfully obtained by appellant from La Var during his lifetime. It appears, too, that an action had been brought in the courts of Illinois by the decedent in his lifetime to recover this money, but for some reasons not disclosed that cause was dismissed. Thereafter the action out of which this appeal arises was started in Polk county. Appellee argues that, because the action in Illinois which appellant contested involved the money which would have been hers on the successful outcome of the will contest pending in the Iowa courts, she waived the rights to immunity from process which would otherwise have been hers. We perceive no basis for this contention, and it will have no further attention herein.
Following the receipt by appellant of the money for which she was sued in Illinois, La Var was brought to Iowa by his sister, appellee herein, and shortly before his death made a will which had the effect of cutting off the appellant from any rights in La Var's estate. Appellant filed a contest in Polk county, alleging that the proposed will was executed at a time and under conditions which disqualified it for probate. In this contest appellant proposed a previous will by which she was made the sole *1040 beneficiary. It will be seen that if the will last in point of time had been set aside and the earlier one sustained, appellant would have accomplished the result which would have followed success in the Illinois suit, to wit, all the property of La Var would have been hers, including the amount sued for here.
[2] While in attendance on the hearing of the contested will, an original notice was served upon her making her a party defendant in the instant case. Thereupon she filed her special appearance under section 11088 of the Code, basing such special appearance on the fact that she came into this state only as a party in interest in the will contest, to be a witness therein, and for the purpose of consulting her attorney, coming, she says, no earlier than was reasonably necessary to be in attendance and staying no longer than was reasonably necessary after the case was submitted. The court having overruled the special appearance, appellant appealed.
A consideration of the facts disclosed by this record persuades us that the court was in error, and we so hold.
From earliest times it has been the policy of the courts to hold nonresident parties and witnesses immune from the writs and processes of local courts while such nonresidents were in attendance upon the courts or other judicial or semi-judicial proceedings pending before the local tribunals; and this policy has been uniformly observed until the present. This principle seems so conducive to the proper administration of justice that we are not disposed to overrule it.
An extensive note with the collection of the earlier cases, will be found in the note to Mullen v. Sanborn, 25 L.R.A. 721, from which we quote as follows:
"Courts of justice ought to be open and accessible to suitors, who ought to be permitted to approach and attend the courts in the prosecution of their claims, and the making of their defenses without fear of molestation or hindrance; their attention ought not to be distracted from the prosecution or defense of the pending suit, otherwise they might be deterred from prosecuting their just rights or making their just defenses to a suit by reason of their liability to suit in a foreign jurisdiction. Baldwin v. Emerson,
"The immunity does not depend upon statutory provisions, but is necessary for the due administration of justice.* * * *1041
"The privilege, however, has been held to be not that of the person attending, but of the court which he attends."
While the earlier cases appear to declare the principle of privilege as one belonging to the court rather than to the person claiming the immunity, later decisions seem to lay stress upon the idea that it belongs to the witness or the party.
The views we hold are well expressed in a note to Murrey v. Murrey, 85 A.L.R. 1335, at page 1341. We quote:
"The immunity from service of civil process of witnesses while attending a trial in a state other than that of their residence to give evidence, and, by the great weight of authority, of suitors, both plaintiffs and defendants, is so well recognized that it will not be extensively discussed herein. As said by the court in Murrey v. Murrey (reported herewith) [
In the comparatively recent case of Kelly v. Shafer,
"Immunity from civil process of a nonresident while in attendance as a witness bona fide and for a reasonable time thereafter is allowed, in the interest of the administration of justice and as a matter of public policy. The case is ruled by Murray v. Wilcox,
Somewhat earlier, in Northwestern Cas. Sur. Co. v. Conaway,
"The rule that nonresident suitors and witnesses in attendance upon a trial in a foreign jurisdiction are, for a reasonable time, immune from the service of process upon them therein is of general application. [Citing cases.]
"This rule, as stated in a number of the cases cited above, is, in reality, founded on the necessities of judicial administration, which, as said in Stewart v. Ramsay, supra [
The principle announced in the foregoing citations has been carried even to the extent of holding that one coming into a *1043
state at the solicitation of his adversary for the purpose of discussing compromise of a matter in dispute, is immune from service of process in an action on the disputed claim until after the lapse of a reasonable period to enable him to return to his home. See State of Montana ex rel. Ellan v. District Court,
"The general rule is that when a nonresident party to an action, or a witness, comes into the state for the sole purpose of attending a trial, he is immune from the service of process during his attendance and for a reasonable period thereafter to enable him to return to his home. Stewart v. Ramsay,
Since the principle announced in the last-cited case is not before us, we defer expressing an opinion thereon until it arises in a proper case.
A consideration of these cases, and others which might be cited, persuades us that the rule announced therein is sound and so conducive to the fair administration of justice that we are not disposed to overrule it.
It follows that the decision of the trial court is reversed. — Reversed.
*1044Chief Justice and all Justices concur.