145 A. 293 | Pa. | 1929
Argued January 7, 1929. On January 15, 1927, the plaintiff, DeWitt Moseley, an employee of the Reading Company, defendant, was injured by the explosion of a can of oil. This suit, brought on account of damages thereby sustained, resulted in a verdict and judgment for plaintiff, and defendant has appealed.
None of the alleged errors calls for a reversal. Snow had fallen on the day of the accident and it was the duty of plaintiff and another employee, named Burke, to clean the frogs of the switches at Logan Station, north of Philadelphia. This was done by pouring on oil, which, being set on fire, melted the snow and ice so that they could be shoveled or swept away. Oil for this purpose was placed in a three-gallon tin call and normally poured out through its spout, but the spout of the only can defendant furnished on this occasion was stopped up so the oil could not pass through it. The defendant's foreman, admittedly a vice-principal, directed the plaintiff to use the defective can and pour the oil out through the bunghole, assuring him this could be done safely. On plaintiff still expressing fear and declining to do so. the foreman directed Burke to use the can and plaintiff to follow after and clean up with shovel and broom, which he did. When the spout was properly in use it had a lighted wick attached by which the poured-out oil was ignited; but on this occasion Burke used matches for this purpose. When they had been engaged at the work about two hours, cleaning up frogs at various switch points, the oil can suddenly exploded and was thrown violently back, striking plaintiff, who was working at another frog some fifteen feet distant, by which he *346 was knocked down and injured. Defendant offered no evidence and the question of its negligence was admittedly for the jury. It was also admitted that the case came under the Federal Employers' Liability Act of Congress.
Appellant contends, however, that, by knowingly working with and in close proximity to a fellow employee who was using a defective can, plaintiff assumed the risk. One answer to this contention is that plaintiff neither used the defective can himself nor worked at the point where it was used. Whether by working fifteen feet away he assumed a risk so obvious and immediate that it would have been shunned by a reasonably prudent man, was for the jury. Furthermore, it does not appear that the danger of explosion was obvious or imminent; in the absence of this the employees might rely on the superior judgment of the foreman: McGrath v. Atlantic Refining Co.,
Defendant's third request, calling for binding instructions on the ground that as matter of law plaintiff assumed the risk, was properly refuse. That depended on the obvious and imminent character of the danger to which we have referred and was for the jury, especially as he was working fifteen feet from where the can was being used. There was no certainty that the can would explode or that one so far away would be hurt if it did. *347 This warranted the comment of the trial judge that, "I am rather of the opinion that he [plaintiff] did not assume the risk of general employment in connection with that can, because he did not use it, and he refused to use it; but he did, knowing that condition, work within 15 feet of it," as he also said, "If he [plaintiff] was negligent, in that, knowing the danger, he assumed the risk, and his negligence was the predominate cause of the accident, then it would be a bar to his right of recovery." This left the question to the jury.
In refusing to instruct them that the burden of proving an assumption of risk was upon the defendant, the trial judge inadvertently favored the latter, for such is the rule. As stated by Mr. Justice PITNEY, speaking for the court in Kanawha Ry. v. Kerse,
While contributory negligence is no defense under the federal statute, it was properly submitted to the jury in mitigation of damages. See Fox et al. v. Lehigh Valley R. R. Co.,
Again, the defendant would, under the Federal Employers' Liability Act, be liable to plaintiff for an injury sustained through the negligence of the coemployee, Burke: Baumgartner v. P. R. R. Co.,
Within two weeks after the accident, a cataract practically blinded plaintiff's right eye. The evidence tended to show that the eye was normal before the accident, and it was stressed as the major injury resulting therefrom. The evidence was that plaintiff was burned and injured in the face and in and about the eye, while two specialists, *348
one who had treated the injured optic and the other who had repeatedly examined it, expressed the professional opinion that the cataract resulted from the accident, and there was no opposing proof. The expert opinion was that the blow on the eye caused inflammation which blinded it. A cataract covers the sight with an opaque substance and may result from an injury or otherwise, as from infection. In the instant case there was ample proof of the injury, but none of any other producing cause. The circumstances corroborate the expert opinion; here, a normal eye receives a blow and a burn and in two weeks, without other cause, the sight is gone. The lay mind naturally connects the injury with the result, which fortifies plaintiff's contention. See Davis v. Davis, Director Gen.,
An expert may express an opinion based on the assumption of the truth of the testimony of a witness to whom he and the jury have listened during the pending trial: McMinis v. P. R. T. Co.,
Following the accident, plaintiff was removed to a hospital where he remained some days, but did not produce the hospital records as to his condition. Defendant, however, caused these records to be brought into court but neglected to offer them in evidence. The trial judge properly concluded that under the circumstances the neglect to offer the hospital records was as much the fault of one party as the other and that he was not required to instruct the jury that they might infer the records were unfavorable to plaintiff. Where the evidence is equally accessible to both parties and there is no reason why one rather than the other should offer it, the rule sought to be invoked is inapplicable.
As defendant's requests called for binding instructions they could not be granted. The case was fairly tried and the judgment must be affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
