Mortenson v. Murphy

153 Wis. 389 | Wis. | 1913

Barnes, J.

The trial judge reached the conclusion that the deed from Bosenbaum to the corporation was void as to the corporation because of noncompliance with the provisions of sec. 1770&, Stats.; that the corporation having no title could convey none to Clare, and that Clare had nothing which he could mortgage to the bank or deed to the defendant Morse, and that therefore the mortgage was void and of no effect and could not be foreclosed.

He further held that the effect of ch. 142, Laws of 1911, was to validate the deed from Bosenbaum to the corporation and vest title in the latter, but that the grantees of the corporation did not derive any benefit from the statute because it did not affect pending actions. He further concluded that, the statute referred to having divested Bosenbaum of his title and vested it in the corporation prior to the conveyance by quitclaim deed to the bank, he had no title to convey when this deed was executed, and that therefore neither the bank nor the plaintiff secured any interest under the quitclaim deeds.

When Clare executed the mortgage to the bank he was in possession of the premises in controversy, claiming title under a warranty deed from the ostensible owner of the record title. His occupancy was adverse and hostile to the world. If it continued for a period of ten years his title would become absolute. He had an interest which he could convey, to wit, possession under claim and color of title. His grantee, by virtue of the deed of conveyance to him, could materially shorten the necessary period in which to acquire title by adverse possession. It is quite obvious that under such a statute as our sec. 4211 Clare had some interest which he could grant by deed. This being so, the right or interest could be mortgaged. Any interest in real property that “is capable of an absolute sale may be the subject of a mortgage.” Bull v. Shepard, 7 Wis. 449, 461. The right of the mortgagee was prior in time and right to that of the purchaser from Clare. Morse took the possession and the inchoate right to obtain title by adverse user, subject to the rights of the mortgagee. He could tack his possession to that of Glare to make up the ten-year period. The purchasers at the mechanic’s lien sale succeeded to the rights of Morse only. There was such privity between them and Morse' that they and their grantees could tack their possession to that of Morse and Glare and claim title by adverse occupancy as against the holder of the legal title ten years from the date'that Glare took possession, if the successive possessions were continuous. Sufficient privity exists where one claims succession in right by an involuntary conveyance or by operation of law to permit a tacking of possessions so as to secure the benefit of a statute of limitation. Ill. S. Co. v. Budzisz, 106 Wis. 499, 508, 509, 82 N. W. 534; Wood, Limitations (3d ed.) sec. 271; 1 Cyc. 1003 and cases cited in note 62; 2 Am. & Eng. Ency. of L. & P. 453 and cases cited. In so far as the plaintiff and Mrs. Murphy are concerned they must claim title through a common grantor, if they claim title at all. We see no reason why the interest transferred to Morse might not be foreclosed and that interest which included the right of possession be sold and transferred to the mortgagee. We therefore conclude that it was error to dismiss the complaint .in the foreclosure suit.

The only remaining question which it is necessary to treat is the effect of the quitclaim deeds from Rosenbaum to the bank and from the bank to the plaintiff. If the corporation took nothing under the deed from Rosenbaum, then Rosen-baum did not part with his title. The ownership of the property rested in some one and that some one must be either Rosenbaum or his grantee. If it went to the grantee the mortgage would be entirely regular. If it did not, then Rosenbaum had the right to dispose of the property to whomsoever he saw fit. He evidently did not want to take advantage of the technicality which would permit him to sell the premises a second time, and he deeded to the bank, the then holder of the mortgage, for the apparent purpose of validating the attempted transfer of the property by the corporation. He had a perfect right to do this. - The circuit judge concluded that under eh. 142, Laws of 1911, whatever title Ros-enbaum had was vested in the corporation and that therefore he had nothing to convey and his grantees took nothing by the conveyance. The learned circuit judge was also of the opinion that the grantees of the corporation, under the warranty deed which it had given, could not claim any benefit from the after-acquired title of the corporation because the statute did not affect pending actions.

If the statute did not affect pending actions, then we think it would not operate to transfer title from Rosenbaum to* the corporation, because the present action was pending when the statute was passed.

We do not decide that the legislature could not pass a statute such as the trial judge construed this to be. The question is not before us, because the effect of the law was not to immediately transfer title to the corporation from its grantor. The statute reads as follows:

“1. Any corporation organized otherwise than under tbe laws of this state, having acquired, or attempted to acquire, legal title by deed, or lease to any real property in this state, before complying with the terms of section 17705 of the statutes, or acts amendatory thereof, and which has thereafter, and before the passage of this act, complied with said section, shall be and is hereby relieved from any disability provided in said statute or prohibition therein contained, so far as said section relates to the acquisition and holding of the property so acquired, or attempted to be acquired.

“2. Any person claiming that the legal title of any corporation or of any person claiming by, through, or under such corporation, to any real property acquired, or attempted to be acquired, is invalid by reason of the failure of any corporation coming within the terms of subsection 1 of this act, to comply with section 17706 of the statutes, or acts amenda-tory thereof, shall commence action to recover the property, or to declare the legal title of said corporation void, or interpose a defense on such grounds, within one year from the passage and publication of this act, and in case of failure to do so his right of action or defense, based upon the failure to comply with said section by any such corporation, shall be deemed to have expired; provided that this act shall not affect any action now pending.” Laws of 1911, ch. 142.

This is in the nature of a statute of limitation. It makes it incumbent on the party dealing with the corporation to assert his right by action or defense within one year from the passage^ of the act. If he does not do so, he will be barred from thereafter making a claim. Title was not taken away by the statute. It could be asserted at any time within the period stated. If it was not so asserted, the corporation in effect got title at the expiration of the year by force of the statute. The act allowed the party dealing with the corporation a year in which to disaffirm his contract. If he did not do so, it in effect became validated. This is the construction placed on the act in Lanz-Owen Co. v. Garage E. M. Co. 151 Wis. 555, 139 N. W. 393.

The effect of the quitclaim deeds from Rosenbaum to the bank and from the bank to the plaintiff was either to convey the title to the plaintiff or to validate the transfers originally made from Rosenbaum to the corporation and from the corporation to Clare. If the first effect followed, then the quitclaim deeds should not have been canceled, because the plaintiff’s title was paramount to any claim of title which the defendants had. Roehm v. Zehren, 103 Wis. 287, 79 N. W. 216. If the second result followed, then the plaintiff was clearly entitled to foreclose his mortgage. The plaintiff has elected to take the position that the quitclaim deed did not in fact convey the entire title and that the defendants had an equity of redemption in the premises. The defendants are benefited by this election, inasmuch as it gives them the right to redeem from the plaintiff’s mortgage. While the conveyance from Rosenbaum was not made to the immediate grantee of the corporation, it was made to the party who had made the largest investment in the premises on the belief that the deeds to and from the corporation were valid, and we think it should be held that it was the purpose of Rosenbaum to validate his transaction with the corporation when he gave the subsequent quitclaim deed and to place all parties in the same position that they would have occupied had the corporation been competent to receive and to transfer title in the first instance. Under this holding the plaintiff’s mortgage is prior and paramount to the interest acquired by Morse and to the interest of those claiming under the foreclosure proceeding in the mechanic’s lien case. It follows from what has been said that the judgment must be reversed, and the cause remanded with directions to enter a judgment of foreclosure and sale in the action for the amount due on the mortgage.

' By the Court. — The judgment of the circuit court is reversed,'and the cause is remanded with directions to enter a judgment of foreclosure and sale in accordance with this opinion.