493 N.E.2d 312 | Ohio Ct. App. | 1985
This is an appeal by plaintiff from a summary judgment in favor of defendants and against plaintiff in the common pleas court.
The record indicates that plaintiff filed her complaint for injuries resulting from alleged improper dental treatment on December 14, 1982 sounding in dental malpractice alleging interalia:
"33. The negligence of defendants consisted of the following:
"(a) Removing healthy teeth without just cause;
"(b) Extracting teeth without proper anesthetic;
"(c) Failing to detect an infection and failing to provide medical or dental relief from the infection;
"(d) Causing bone damage to plaintiff's gums and failing to provide *113 medical or dental treatment for the removal of the bones;
"(e) Failing to have a specialist remove an impacted wisdom tooth;
"(f) Failing to discover and remove a suture which was placed in plaintiff's mouth by defendants;
"(g) Failing to make proper impressions for the dentures;
"(h) Failing to complete the work in the period of time agreed to;
"(i) Failing to properly prepare a set of dentures which fit correctly; and
"(j) Requiring plaintiff to wear improperly fitted dentures, thereby causing injuries to the inside of her mouth, gum infection and bone damage.
"34. As a result of defendant's negligence, as specified herein:
"(a) Plaintiff was required to employ another dentist to prepare a proper set of dentures.
"(b) Plaintiff has lost the use of her natural teeth and was required to wear ill-fitted dentures which caused extreme pain.
"(c) During the one-year and four-month period plaintiff was never able to use the temporary or permanent dentures for eating and, as a result, was required to follow a thoroughly liquid diet or a soft diet.
"(d) Plaintiff has suffered pain, anguish and humiliation because of her appearance while wearing the defective dentures.
"(e) Plaintiff has suffered mental anguish over the loss of her natural healthy teeth.
"(f) Plaintiff has been seriously and permanently injured; plaintiff has suffered great pain and mental anguish and will, in the future, continue to suffer great pain and mental anguish."
The trial court in its decision sustaining defendants' motion for summary judgment found that plaintiff's claims are barred by the applicable statute of limitations, R.C.
"An action for libel, slander, assault, battery, malicious prosecution, false imprisonment, or malpractice, including anaction for malpractice against a physician, podiatrist, hospital, or dentist, or upon a statute for a penalty or forfeiture, shallbe brought within one year after the cause thereof accrued, * * *." (Emphasis added.)
Prior to the amendment of the above statute effective March 15, 1982 (see 139 Ohio Laws, Part I, 2153), the statute of limitations for dental malpractice was two years. Therefore, had the old statute of limitations been in effect, the filing by plaintiff of her complaint on December 14, 1982 would have been well within the two-year statute of limitations.
Plaintiff sets forth the following five assignments of error:
"1. The trial court erred by finding, as a matter of law, that appellant was required to file her claim within ninety (90) days after the effective date of amended R.C. §
"2. The trial court erred in finding, as a matter of law, that appellant discovered her injuries on September 24, 1981.
"3. R.C. Section
"4. The trial court erred by finding, as a matter of law, that the limitation period was not tolled or suspended during the period of time appellant delayed filing her complaint while awaiting the completion of the appellees' insurer's investigation.
"5. The trial court erred by failing or refusing to consider appellees' judicial admission as evidence in favor of appellant."
With respect to the first assignment of error, "[s]tatutes of limitation are remedial in nature and may be generally *114
classified as procedural legislation." Gregory v. Flowers (1972),
The Supreme Court in Baird v. Loeffler (1982),
In Oliver v. Kaiser Community Health Found. (1983),
With respect to the second assignment of error, as we have previously stated, the deposition of the plaintiff is clear that the plaintiff discovered her injuries on or before September 24, 1981. There can be no dispute as to this fact. Therefore, under the law as set forth by Oliver, supra, and Clark v. HawkesHospital (1984),
With respect to the third assignment of error, R.C.
"If a written notice, prior to the expiration *115 of time contained in this division, is given to any person in a medical claim that an individual is presently considering bringing an action against that person relating to professional services provided to that individual, then an action by that individual against that person may be commenced at any time within one hundred eighty days after that notice is given."
Plaintiff argues that the failure of R.C.
"This is to advise you that the undersigned has been retained to represent Alice Morley in connection with her claim for damages as a result of the dental service which you performed for her."
The letter asks that the recipient have an insurance representative contact plaintiff at an early date. Nowhere does the letter advise that the plaintiff is presently considering bringing an action against the defendants. However, even if the subject letter did provide such notice, different rights have long been established between dental malpractice claimants and medical malpractice claimants, as evidenced by the fact that until the recent amendment of the statute, effective March 15, 1982, the statute provided a one-year statute of limitations with regard to physicians but did not contain any similar provision regarding malpractice actions against dentists. Plaintiff's third assignment of error is overruled.
In support of her fourth assignment of error, plaintiff claims that the affidavit attached to her memorandum contra defendants' motion for summary judgment states "that appellant refrained from prosecuting her remedy in good faith because she was led to believe that appellees' agent, Cincinnati Insurance Co., would be undertaking an immediate investigation of the facts and would discuss amicable settlement without having to file a lawsuit." An examination of plaintiff's twenty-seven-paragraph affidavit does not disclose such a statement; what it does disclose is that defendants' insurer stated to plaintiff that her claim was being investigated, that defendants' insurance company would contact plaintiff's attorney regarding liability after the material had been evaluated and, finally, that defendants' insurer had concluded that there was no liability on the part of its insured. We find no place in plaintiff's affidavit where plaintiff stated that she was led to believe that defendants would discuss amicable settlement without plaintiff having to file a lawsuit. We find no facts in the record to support plaintiff's estoppel argument and, therefore, plaintiff's fourth assignment of error is overruled.
In support of plaintiff's fifth assignment of error, plaintiff states that defendants made a binding judicial admission that plaintiff's claim was governed by a two-year limitation period. This argument is based upon defendant's answer to question twenty-eight of plaintiff's first set of interrogatories as follows:
"28. On what facts do you rely to substantiate your allegation in Paragraph 11 of the Answer filed herein, that all or part of plaintiff's claim is barred by the applicable statute of limitations?
"ANSWER: This action was filed on December 14, 1982. All extractions were completed by October 1, 1980. The temporary dentures were fitted, seated and fully adjusted by October 15, 1980. The plaintiff was not seen again until March 20, 1981. Consequently, any cause of action *116 for the removal of her teeth is barred by the two year statute of limitations."
An answer to an interrogatory is an admission only as to the facts at issue in the case and does not establish the law of the case which is established by the prevailing statutes and case law. The statement contained in the answer is a layman's opinion that this action would be barred by a two-year statute of limitations under the facts thereof; consequently, if the action would be barred under a two-year statute of limitations, it would necessarily be barred under a one-year statute of limitations. Plaintiff does not and cannot claim that she delayed the filing of her complaint in reliance upon the answer to the interrogatory inasmuch as the answer thereto was filed after the complaint had been filed, which was after the statute of limitations had run. Plaintiff's fifth assignment of error is overruled, and the judgment is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
NORRIS and CONNORS, JJ., concur.
CONNORS, J., of the Sixth Appellate District, sitting by assignment in the Tenth Appellate District.