99 Me. 127 | Me. | 1904
Action on the case for negligence. The plaintiff excepts to the ruling of the presiding justice directing a verdict for the defendant.
Moran, the plaintiff’s intestate, was an'employee of the defendant at the time of the injury. He was employed as a motorman and was just being taught his duties. At the time of the accident he was taking charge as a motorman of a passenger car running from Camden towards Rockland, another and experienced motorman being also upon the platform with him to oversee and instruct him in his new duties.
Undoubtedly it is the duty of persons and corporations engaged in a dangerous and complex business to adopt, promulgate and enforce such rules and regulations, for the conduct of its business and the government of its employees in and about the discharge of their duties, as will afford reasonable protection to its servants and agents in the discharge of those duties. A failure to do so is negligence, and for an injury resulting from such failure the employer is liable. It is not necessary that such rules shall be printed. They may be simply oral; but whether oral or printed it is the duty of the employer to so promulgate them as to afford the employees a reasonable opportunity of ascertaining their terms. Knowledge of the rule however is sufficient. If the servant has such knowledge, it matters not how the rule was promulgated or the knowledge obtained. Moreover, the master in making rules is only held to the exercise of ordinary care. He is not bound to anticipate and guard against accidents which cannot be foreseen by the use of ordinary prudence. He is not called upon to make or promulgate rules as to how his servants shall conduct themselves outside of the scope of their employment, or as to how business shall be carried on or any act done which is not carried on or done by his knowledge and permission or consent either express or implied. It is for the conduct of his business and the government of his employees in and about the discharge of the duties of their employment that he is bound to make rules and regulations. When acting without his employer’s authority and beyond the scope of his own employment the servant is as much a stranger to his master as is a third person, in regard to whose conduct as he has no power so he is under no obligation to make rules.
Applying these principles to the present case we find that the defendant had printed rules, the adequacy and- sufficiency of which
It was not within the scope of his employment. He was a lineman or helper to the linemen. His duties were as stated by himself “repairing wire and trolley and one thing and another” to keep the line fixed up and in running order. He had nothing to do with the running of cars. The movement of cars upon the entire system was under the control of Mr. Chisholm the defendant’s assistant superintendent, from whom also the linemen at this time took their orders as to their work. When it was necessary to transport the tower car from place to place in the repair work of the linemen, it was done by attaching it to a regular passenger car, which did not and could not interfere with the running of the other cars. : If for any reason this was impractical or inconvenient, the motor car might be used, but only by the-special direction of Mr. Chisholm. There is no evidence in the case that the linemén had any authority to take out the motor car upon their own judgment and inject it at will into the transportation system of the defendant. The only other time Condon ever took the motor car out upon the line, he obtained permission from Mrl Chisholm and followed his specific directions. Libby, who was with him and whose employment covered a-similar period of , time, never had taken the motor car out himself and stated that he had no authority so to do, and had nothing to do with that branch of the business. Without stating the testimony further it is sufficient to say, that a most careful examination of it fails to show any authority on the part of Condon or any other lineman, resulting from their employment, to run the motor, car over the defendant’s track except ■by special order from Mr. Chisholm.
It is not claimed that any such order was expressly given on the day of the accident, but it is contended that authority may be implied from the attendant circumstances. The accident occurred on Monday
Condon at the time of the accident was acting outside the scope of his employment Avithout the express or implied authority of the defendant, a mere volunteer for Avhose act it was not responsible and for Avhose government Avhile so acting it ivas under no obligation to make rules or regulations. It may be observed, hoAvever, that the entire evidence conclusively shoAvs that the accident Avas not due to any failure on the part of the defendant to adopt and promulgate suitable rules, but to the failure of Condon and Libby to observe and practice the rules, either as to giving notice to the preceding passenger car that the motor was about to folloAV it, or as to turning on or observing the signal lights which protected this section of the defendant’s track, both of which rules they perfectly kneAV and understood and the observance of either one of which would have prevented the collision.
Exceptions overruled.