The State relied upon the testimony of the accomplice, Russell, in the main, to support the verdict of guilt. Therefore, fоr the conviction to stand, such testimony must have been corroborated by other evidence tending to connect the defendant with the offense. Code 1940, Title 15, § 307.
The defendant was charged with the larceny of cotton seed. That the seed had been stolen from the warehouse in Decatur, Alabama, was not substantially controverted. It was established by the testimony of the .accomplice that during the fall and winter of 1940 the seed was stolen from the warehouse by himself and others, and that the defendant would meet him on the highway and drive the truck of cotton seed to Cullman and sell it to a ginner there. Such was the procedure, and uрon each trip to Cullman to sell the cotton seed, the defendant and the accomplice, Russell, would, in the early morning, eat at a restaurant in Cullman, the defendant sitting in the front and the accomplice, a negro, having his plate set at the bаck of the restaurant.
Upon one such excursion to the warehouse in Decatur to steal the cotton seed, the negro was apprehended and placed in jail. Thereafter the arrest of the defendant took place.
The facts and circumstances which were presented upon trial to corroborate this evidence were given by the ginner and the restaurant operator. The ginner testified that the defendant (who lived east of Decatur, in Morgan County) gave as his addrеss Moulton, Route 3 (west of Decatur, Moulton being the county seat of Lawrence County); that defendant always delivered the сotton seed to the gin in the early morning between 6:30 and 7 o’clock, and sometimes was already there, waiting for him, when he (the ginner) arrived. The cafe proprietor testified, as had the accomplice, Russell, that on several occasiоns, during the period under inquiry, in the early morning, the defendant and this negro, the accomplice witness, or whom he judges to be this same negro, would eat breakfast at the cafe in Cullman, the negro eating at the back where he testified he had, the defendant еating at the front. This witness, the cafe proprietor, further testified, and wé appraise this as one of the strongest corroborating facts or circumstances tending to connect defendant with the crime, that, after the negro’s arrest, the defendant went to Cullman and told the restaurant proprietor, “met him on the side walk”, that this negro, Russell, whom the officers had arrested and brought dоwn to Cullman, was not the boy he had brought with him to the cafe “if anything come •qp about it.” This, to our minds, shows a positive purpose or еffort on the part of the defendant, before “anything” had “come up about it”, to influence the .cafe owner against identifying the accomplice as the negro the defendant had been bringing to Cullman on his various trips to the gin to sell the cotton sеed.
The defendant sought to establish his innocence by his testimony that although he had sold about 48 tons of cotton seed to the Cullmаn gin he had acquired it legally from relatives and others. But, even here, this proof was not so satisfying since, by his witnesses who testified for him, he accounted for only a few tons of cotton seed of his own and that purchased from relatives, the claimed purсhases from others not having been testified to by these others or by anyone other than himself.
We think and hold that there was sufficient corroborative evidence of the testimony of the accomplice tending to connect the defendant with the оffense to warrant submission of the case to the jury. Whether there be such evidence was a question of law to be determined by the trial court, but its probative force and sufficiency, along with the testimony of the accomplice, to establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt were questions for the jury. Berry v. State,
The entire conduct of the accused may be surveyed for сorroborative circumstances and if from them his connection with the offense may be fairly inferred the requirement of the statute is satisfied. 2 Wharton’s Criminal Evidence, § 746.
And statements made by the defendant, in connection with other testimony, may afford corrobоratory proof sufficient to sustain a conviction. 2 Wharton’s Criminal Evidence, § 750.
The suspicious conduct of the accused mаy furnish sufficient corroboration
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of the testimony of the accomplice. 22 C.J.S., Criminal Law, § 812, subsec. d, (3), p. 1404; Newsum v. State,
Nor need such сorroborative evidence be strong, nor sufficient of itself to support the conviction, the criterion being that it legitimatеly tends to connect the Accused with the offense. 22 C.J.S., Criminal Law, § 812, subsec. e, p. 1409.
Nor need such corroborative evidencе directly confirm any particular fact stated by the accomplice. Skumro v. State,
Under some circumstances proof of proximity and opportunity is held to be sufficient in corroboration of an accomplice. Ross v. State,
We hаve been greatly aided in our conclusions by the foregoing authorities, notably Slayton v. State,
The foregoing disposes of the insistences of error argued by able сounsel for appellant. It is added that we have given earnest consideration to the entire case, as is our duty, and fail to ascertain any error committed pending trial substantially prejudicial to the defendant. So the judgment must be affirmed.
Affirmed.