49 So. 902 | Ala. | 1909
Wess Montgomery was indicted, tried, and convicted, in the circuit court of Lawrence county, for the crime of murder — the killing of Dave Pruitt. From the judgment of conviction he appeals, and here assigns for error rulings of the circuit court on the admissibility of testimony, parts of the oral charge of the court, and the refusal of the court to give written instructions requested by the defendant.
The material facts of the case are without conflict in the evidence. The homicide occurred about dark, on the 28th of August, 1908, at the home of Hubert Montgomery, a son of the defendant, out behind the smokehouse, and within the curtilage of the son’s dwelling. Defendant did not reside with his son; but he, together with deceased, one Coffee, and the son, had gone from a point in the public road to the son’s house a short time before the killing occurred. The evidence shows, that defendant had taken two or three drinks of whisky, and that deceased was to some extent intoxicated. Before starting to the house of Hubert Montgomery the de
Taking defendant’s own version of the transaction,, it Avould seem wholly improbable that defendant left the house for any other purpose than to search for the deceased. In this vieAV, he was chargeable with knowledge of deceased’s feelings towards him, and, therefore, if he should find deceased, that an altercation would in all probability, if not inevitably, ensue. Indeed, defendant’s own testimony is without conflict to the effect that he went out Avith the purpose of having an altercation with deceased, or, as he expressed it, to “mix with him.” If he had remained in the house, he would, in all probability, not have been liable to molestation by deceased. Conceding that, in the house of his son, he was (under proper circumstances) excused from the doctrine of retreat, and might, while in it, make reasonable resistance to all assaults not provoked by himself, yet no person is permitted by the law to turn his castle from “a shield to a sword,” for purposes of “offensive effort. against the lives of others;” for, as was tersely said by one of our great judges (McClellan), “it is a shelter, but not a sally port.” “If he leaves its shelter to encounter a danger beyond its precincts, he is in no better attitude, before the law, than if he had come from any other place, and voluntarily entered upon a combat, from the peril of which he was secure, but for his own act. It is immaterial that, after he has armed himself and emerged from his house, he encounters a necessity
In the light of the testimony, and of the considerations •and authorities above adverted to, the writer is of the opinion that while those portions of the oral charge excepted to are not models of perspicuity, and may be misleading, yet, considered in connection with the explana(ion of the court found on page 52 of the record, they i nvolve no reversible error; and upon the same considerations, he is also of the opinion that there is no reversible, ■error in the giving of charge A2, requested, by the solicitor. But Justices SIMPSON, ANDERSON, McOLEU LAR, MAYFIELD, and SAYRE are of the opinion, and hold;-that the oral charge and charge A2 constitute reversible error.
Treating charges refused to defendant: Charge 1 exacts ioo high a degree of proof. Griffith’s Gasc, 90 Ala. 583, 8 South. 812. Charge 2 has its substantial duplicate in given charge 26. Charge 3 is abstract, there being no evidence in the record that defendant was “leaving the place,” and, furthermore, pretermits the evidence tending to show that defendant left the house to seek deceased. Charge 4 (the general affirmative charge) is without foundation in the evidence. Charge 5 and 7 assert no propositions of law. — Mobile, etc., Co. v. Walsh, 146 Ala. 290, 40 South. 559; Johnson’s Case, 152 Ala. 46, 44 South. 670. Charge 6 is incomplete and unintelligible. Charge 8 authorizes an acquittal although the jury might find from the evidence that defendant left the house in search of the deceased and for the purpose of engaging in a difficulty with him. Charge 9 fails to hypothesize honest belief on the part of the defendant that he was in imminent peril, and for this
No effort was made by the. state to show that deceased bore a good character. After it had been proved, on. cross-examination of witness McKay, that deceased bore the reputation of being a dangerous and bloodthirsty man, the court committed no error in not permitting defendant to prove admissions, made by deceased, in respect to his lying in wait for a man named Stewart, and that he went to Stewart’s, house to kill him.
Nor did the court err in sustaining the objection of the state to the question propounded to the witness. Throckmorton. The court was not advised as to what the expected answer would be, and the question was susceptible of an answer that would have been wholly immaterial. — Ross’ Case, 139 Ala. 144, 36 South. 718.
Whether or not the defendant was drunk on the particular occasion was relevant and material; hence no-error was committed in allowing testimony tending to -show that fact.
Even if it were incompetent for witness Tom Pruitt to-testify that, while he (defendant), Hubert Montgomery, and Montgomery’s wife were walking along the road that evening, just after the homicide was committed, going to defendant’s house, neither Hubert nor his wife
For the errors pointed out, the judgment of conviction is reversed, and the cause remanded.
Reversed and remanded.