42 W. Va. 538 | W. Va. | 1896
On appeal from a decree of tbe Circuit Court of Harrison county, entered on the 20th day of September, 1895, dismissing plaintiff’s bill brought for specific execution of a contract for the sale of coal in situ as part of the realty.
By contract dated the 21st day of May, 1888, defendant John A. Fleming executed to J. E. Watson a written option for the purchase of the. coal in controversy. The time within which Watson had the option to buy having expired on the 25th day of September, 1888, Fleming executed to Watson the following option for the same land: “Exhibit No. 2. Article of Agreement. This agreement, made and entered into this 25th day of Sept., 1888, between John A. Fleming of the first part, and J. E. Watson of the second part, witnesseth, that the said party of the first part hereby agrees and proposes to sell to the said party of the second part all the coal underlying the certain land situate in Harrison county, West Virginia, described as follows: On West Fork river, adjoining lands of S. L. and M. T. Vincent, Wm. S. Sandy’s heirs, and others, containing about eighty acres, excepting and reserving therefrom the coal underlying the following parcel thereof, five acres, if the party of the first part so desires, and where he .may elect, together with all necessary rights of way for the mining and removing of all said coal over or under the surface, as well as removing the coal from coterminous lands over and under same, and .for necessary drainage and ventilation, upon the followiug considerations, that is to say, the said party of the second part shall pay to the said party of the first part the sum of ($30) thirty dollars per acre in manner and time as follows: One-half of purchase money cash on day of sale, and the residue on twelve months, with interest from day of sale, but the said party of the second part is and shall be entitled to the full term of twelve months from and after the date hereof to elect whether or not he will purchase the said real estate, rights, and.privileges at the price and upon the terms hereinbe-fore specified; and, in case the party of the second part shall elect to purchase the same within the time aforesaid, he shall make and signify such election by paying or de
According to its face (and we have nothing else to go by) I can see no room for two opinions as to its nature and legal effect. It plainly stands in contrast with the true option which preceded it, as in no particular optional, but as in all respects an absolute sale. It was plainly an acceptance and closing up the option of 25th September, 1888, for it refers to that instrument for the character of deed to be made, and the description of the land. No other reason is given, or in any wise appears, why this contract should not be specifically executed. On this subject of unilateral contracts called “options,” see Dyer v. Duffy, 39 W. Va. 148 (19 S. E. 540); Watson v. Coast, 35 W. Va. 463 (14 S. E. 249); Barrett v. McAllister, 33 W. Va. 738 (11 S. E. 220).
Upon principle, such a contract for the sale of real estate, in order to be binding, is not required to be signed by both parties, for it is signed by the owner and seller of the land, the party sought to be charged and compelled to convey. And the contract does not lack mutuality, for, the payment of the consideration being in money, no writing is required, either to prove the agreement of the buyer to pay, or to make such agreement binding on him; and it has long been the practice in this state to enforce against the vendor, who alone has signed, a title bond for the sale and conveyance of real estate in favor of the vendee and his assignee, for if the vendee has performed his part of the agreement, is ready and willing to perform it, or has been prevented from performing it by the wrongful act of the vendor, the vendee will not be confined to his action at law for the amount of the penalty, but may choose his remedy in equity for specific performance. See our statute of frauds as to verbal agreements (chapter 98, p. 715, Code
Beversed and remanded, with direction to cause the contract of sale to be specifically executed.