93 Va. 775 | Va. | 1895
delivered the opinion of the court.
W. B. F. Mitchell was indicted at the September term, 1892, of the County Court of Greene county, for selling ardent spirits by retail without license, and at the January term, 1893, of said court, was tried and convicted, and judgment entered accordingly. To the rulings and judgment of the County Court, said Mitchell was awarded a writ of error from the Circuit Court of Greene county, which court, at its June term, 1893, affirmed the judgment of the County Court, and thereupon a writ of error and supersedeas was obtained from this court.
In his petition for appeal, the defendant assigns five grounds of error, which will now be considered in their order:
First. “ That the County Court erred in overruling the defendant’s demurrer to the indictment, for the reason that there were three distinct offences charged, to-wit, a violation of the revenue laws, at three different times, and to three different persons.”
The indictment contains three counts, in each of which the defendant is charged with having sold, at a different time, and to a different person, one pint of whiskey, without license. Each count in this indictment is a good count, and each being for a misdemeanor there is no misjoinder. The indictment charges the defendant with three separate offences of a like character, to-wit, selling ardent spirits by retail, without license. For each offence the punishment is the same, in the discretion of the jury, and in each case there would have been the same, or a similar verdict. In point of law it is no objection that several misdemeanors of the same nature,
Second. “ That the court should have required the attorney for the Commonwealth to elect which of the three counts in said indictment he would select to try the defendant upon first.”
In cases of felony where several offences are charged, in sundry counts of the same indictment, if the court sees that the charges are so distinct that to try them together would confound the prisoner, or distract the attention of the jury, it will require the Commonwealth’s attorney to select which count he will try first. In the case, however, of mere misdemeanors, which are only punishable by fine and imprisonment, the prosecutor is permitted to join and try several distinct offences in the same indictment, and without being required to elect on which charge he will proceed. 1 Chitty Cr. Law, 249; Dowdy v. Com., 9 Gratt. 727. It would be both unwise and unnecessary, in a case like the one under consideration, to consume the time of the court, and subject the parties to the cost of several trials, when one would dispose of the whole matter, and without the slightest prejudice to the accused.
Third. “ It is insisted that there is a variance between the ■verdict and the judgment, in this, that the jury found the •defendant guilty on two counts of the indictment, and fined him $100 in each case, whereas the court gave one judgment for $200 and costs—the aggregate amount of the two fines.”
The objection is that the jury found the prisoner guilty of two offences, and the court showed by the form of its judgment that he was only, guilty of one. In other words, the defendant complains that the public records minimize his
Fourth. “ That no process had ever been issued against-the defendant informing him with what he was charged, and that it was error to proceed to trial until he was so-served, which he insists was never done.”
Without stopping to consider the fact that the defendant was in court at the trial, with a number of witnesses in his-behalf, testifying also himself, and that no objection appears to have been taken at the time to the regularity of the proceeding, it is a sufficient answer to this objection, that it-appears from the supplemental record brought up since the-case was in this court, that the defendant was properly served with process to answer the indictment, and that a. mere oversight of the clerk occasioned its omission from the-original record.
Fifth. “ That the court should have set aside the verdict-as contrary to the law and the evidence, on the defendant’s: motion.”
We have examined the evidence certified in this case, and under the familiar rule applicable where the evidence is certified, that it is to be treated as a demurrer to evidence, we-have no difficulty in reaching the conclusion that the jury were justified in their verdict, and therefore the court did not err in refusing to set the same aside.
Although not assigned as error in the petition it is earnestly contended at bar that the court erred in instructing-the jury that the punishment fixed by law for the offencescharged in the indictment was a fine of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hwndred dollars for each offence.
For the foregoing reasons the court is of opinion that there is no error in any of the rulings of the County Court, and therefore the judgment of the said court, and of the Circuit Court of Greene county, approving the same, must be affirmed, with costs.
Affirmed.