Mitchell v. Bovard

279 Pa. 50 | Pa. | 1924

Opinion by

Mr. Justice Sadler,

Ingram owned a farm in Chartiers Township, Allegheny County, and, in 1884, divided a portion into seven lots, as appears by a recorded plan. The remaining part on the north was separated by a fence then standing. Along and to the south of it, a street, to be known as “Phillips,” was marked off, though never opened for use. Five of the parcels sold called for the proposed highway as a boundary, and, in two instances, the courses named in the conveyances extended the lines across it, though the reservation was made therein that they were subject “to the said thirty-foot street.” The purchasers, or some of them, erected fences to join with that of the grantor, and these have been maintained for thirty years, and owners have used the intervening space for gardens, and the growing of shrubbery.

In 1891, the unplotted land passed into the possession of one Carter, also the owner of lot five, and he then agreed that the suggested street he abandoned, and, certainly, since that date the part in the rear-of number six has been exclusively occupied and controlled by one of the defendants. In 1919, Jessie Mitchell, complainant here, acquired title to the north portion of the farm, erected a dwelling on it, and then demanded the proposed road be opened. The lot owners refused to accede to her request, and this bill was then filed to compel the removal of the obstructions on the street, called for in the plan. The facts involved were not disputed, and this appeal is.directed to the refusal of the court below to grant the relief asked.

In so far as the public is concerned, any privileges which it might have secured were lost by a failure to take over the highway within twenty-one years, since our statute so provides: Act May 9, 1889, P. L. 173; Stivason v. Serene, 80 Pa. Superior Ct. 1. The individual purchasers of lots, however, acquired rights which are entitled to protection, unless in some legally recognized way the easement, has been surrendered. Tt is contended the facts show this to have occurred, in view of Carter’s action when he became owner, and the adverse possession which has followed.

Ingram at no time attempted to open the road marked on the plan, and his immediate successor expressly disclaimed any right-of-way. It is well established that a mere nonuser does not constitute a release of the servient tenement from a legally imposed obligation: Lindeman v. Lindsey, 69 Pa. 93; McKee v. Perchment, 69 Pa. 342; Richmond v. Bennett, 205 Pa. 470. If, however, the actual control is notoriously adverse, and continues for a sufficient period of time, the easement created may be extinguished. In a case such as this, — where the rights of the parties to make use of the way exist whenever necessity may arise, though long after the conveyance, — there must be shown, by word or act, an express repudiation of the interests acquired by others, and an intention to set up a hostile claim. Otherwise, the occupation must be considered permissive: Pittsburgh v. Bell & Sons, 277 Pa. 135, 144. Until a contrary purpose is shown, and its assertion for the necessary period proven, no title will be secured by adverse possession.

When the land was plotted, that adjoining was separated by a fence, but this did not negative the fact of dedication as indicated in the deeds: Higgins v. Sharon Borough, 5 Pa. Superior Ct. 92. There followed, however, an actual extension to it by the lot owners, and the occupation of the bed of the suggested street for their own needs. Though, as stated, there must be some disclaimer of the rights of others before such action can be considered adverse (Bombaugh v. Miller, 82 Pa. 203; Johns v. Johns, 244 Pa, 48; Nickels v. Cornet Band, 52 Pa. Superior Ct. 145), yet this requirement may be satisfied where acts inconsistent with the right of possession by others are evidenced, as by the inclosure of the land, and devoting it to purposes not originally contemplated: Hutchinson v. Oil Co., 275 Pa. 380; Whitney v. Welshans, 50 Pa. Superior Ct. 422; Logan v. Smith, 71 Pa. Superior Ct. 419. The burden of proof rests, of course, on the person asserting this to be true: Godino v. Kane, 26 Pa. Superior Ct. 596. “When one uses an easement whenever he sees fit without asking leave or without objection, the use is adverse; and an adverse enjoyment for twenty-one years gives an indisputable title to the enjoyment”: Messinger’s App., 109 Pa. 285, 290. So, one who obstructs a way, if such action is continued for a sufficient time, will defeat the right of the dominant owner: Yeakle v. Nace, 2 Whart. 123; Jessop v. Kittanning Borough, 225 Pa. 589; Woodbury v. Allan, 215 Pa. 390; Zerbey v. Allan, 215 Pa. 383. The court has concluded here that the use of the proposed street by defendants for thirty years was inconsistent with ownership by any one else, and the finding of fact made must be sustained if supported by competent) evidence, and this appears.

The decree entered finds further justification, when we consider that Carter, owner of lot five, secured title to the farm to the north, and agreed that the land marked on the plan as a street be devoted to other purposes. This was done without objection, then or now, by the buyers of lots. Ordinarily, a servitude created by deed can be removed only by a grant of like dignity, but where the abandonment of an easement can be established, the holder of the privilege, or those claiming through him, cannot thereafter complain: Erb v. Brown, 69 Pa. 216. Plaintiff holds under the original owner, and not through a purchaser whose deed refers to the plan, and acquired only such privilege as the possessor of the dominant estate to the north had when it was conveyed. Those in her line of title surrendered any claim, as noticed, and she cannot now revive and assert it. Under some circumstances, the right to an easement never actually enjoyed “may be barred by a possession and use adverse and inconsistent with the right for twenty-one years” (see opinion by President Judge Rice in Whitney v. Welshans, 50 Pa. Superior Ct. 422, 426), and this rule applies here.

An examination of the record convinces us no error was committed, and the assignments of error are overruled.

The decree is affirmed at the cost of appellant.