279 Mo. 484 | Mo. | 1919
Lead Opinion
This is an. appeal from a judgment of the Jefferson Circuit Court affirming an order of the Public Service Commission entered in the Matter of the Complaint of James M. Mooney v. Missouri Southern Railroad Company, 5 Mo. P. S. C. Rep. 250, which order, in so far as it is affirmed, required appellant to “refrain from charging or collecting for the transportation of carload shipments on the tram or spur tracks which connect with” appellant’s main line and points on appellant’s main line, “or between points on said trams, rates in excess of those in effect between other points on its main line, for the same distance.” The trial court also accepted a suspending bond and suspended the operation of the order until the final determination of the case in this court.
Appellant owns and operates a line of railroad fifty-four miles long, which runs from Bunker in Reynolds County to Deeper in Wayne County. Connected with this line, appellant also operated two industrial spur tracks. Industrial Spur No. 1 is four and one-half miles long and joins the main line -at Dairyville. Industrial Spur No. 2 is five miles in length and connects with the main line at Corridon. The evidence before the Commission and the Circuit Court showed appellant was imposing a switching charge of $7.50 for each loaded car switched between main line stations and points on either spur. This charge was in accord with tariffs filed by appellant, but never approved by the Commission, and seems to have originated out of an agreement between appellant on the one part and Complainant Mooney and other shippers on the other. The agreement was made at a conference between appellant and interested shippers, which conference resulted from a notice appellant gave in December, 1916, that it purposed to abandon Spur Track No. 1 and take up the'rails. By the agreement appellant contracted to repair Spur Track
Appellant contends, in order, that (1) the spur tracks are not subject to regulation by the Commission; (2) the questions whether (a) appellant is charging more than a lawful rate, and (b) whether it can be compelled to operate the spurs, are purely judicial and the Commission has no jurisdiction to decide them; (3) the operation of the spurs was an ultra vires activity which the State might prevent, but which it could not compel, appellant to continue; (4) the Commission’s power to regulate is a power to regulate reasonably and not to destroy; and (5) complainant, by his agreement, was estopped to question the validity of the switching charge.
I. The question whether appellant could be compelled to continue the operation of the spur tracks is directly presented and decided in State ex rel. Public Service Commission v. Missouri South- .. ^ ern Railroad Company, a companion case. Whether that question is presented by this record need not, therefore, be decided.
II. It is contended the question whether the rate charged was excessive is a judicial question and one, therefore, which the Commission has no power to decide. The statute (Sec. 47, Laws 1913, p. 583) expressly gives the Commission authority to fix rates, and this court has held valid that dele
That appellant was operating these spurs is proved beyond doubt. That it operated them by means of an engine different from those on the main line is of no consequence on this question. The fact that it operated them under rates filed with the Commission is sufficient to warrant' the finding that it was using them in the public service, and this subjects .them to regulation. [Laws 1913, p. 557, et seq.; Secs. 2, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 35, 43, 47, 48.] As long as a carrier operates a line or spur it must do so subject to the regulatory power of the Commission. The charter is not in the record. Waiving that, the question whether a carrier must submit to regulation is settled rather by “what it does, not what its charter says.” [Terminal Taxi Co. v. Dist. of Columbia, 241 U. S. 252.] The Commission’s supervision is not limited to lines constructed by a railroad company nor to those oioned by it; it is expressly extended (See. 43, Laws 1913, p. 580 and other sections, supra,) to “lines and property owned, leased, controlled or operated” by such company. In the circumstances it was of no importance, so far as rate regulation is concerned, who owed the fee or held the lease of the land over which the spurs extended. Appellant was conclusively shown to be operating the spurs in the public service under rates on file and was amenable to all lawful regulatory orders the Commission might make respecting rates on such spurs. It is in no position, as a reason for escaping regulation, to deny its right to operate a line which it is in fact operating in the public service
Rates'haUl
IV. The Commission found that the rate being charged by appellant was violative of Section 12, Article 12, of the State Constitution, and Section 3173, Revised Statutes 1909, as construed in McGrew v. Railroad, 230. Mo. 496, 177 Mo. 533; State v. Railroad, 238 Mo. 23, 178 S. W. 1179, affirmed 244 U. S. 191. This is the short-haul clause or rule. There is no doubt the rate was violative thereof. It is argued there was no proof the charge complained of Avas unreasonable .and, therefore, no basis for the order abrogating it. We think that the people in adopting Section 12, Article 12, of the Constitution conclusively determined the unreasonableness of any rate out of harmony with its provisions. If a rate violative of it can be held valid because a court or commission may conclude it Avas a reasonable rate, as the term ordinarily is used, then the constitutional provision is of -no force of itself. In our opinion a rate unlawful because of conflict with a valid constitutional provision is unreasonable.
The judgment is affirmed.
Concurrence Opinion
(concurring). — Our learned brother says that the Public Service Commission based its finding upon the fact-that the rate charged violated Section 12 of Article 1.2 of the State Constitution, as said provision of the Constitution has been construed by this court in the several McGrew cases. As a judge I have never sat in any of the McGrew cases. I was at one time of counsel in the second of those cases, although on this bench when it came here. For that reason I have never participated in any of those cases. As a lawyer I was never able to bring my mind to the court’s logic or law in those cases. Nor do I agree to them now. However, the last of the line of McGrew cases decided here was taken to the Supreme Court of the United States, and that court has placed its stamp of approval on the judgment of my brothers, and I feel constrained now to yield to the construction given in those cases.
I am not convinced of the logic of those eases, but the rule is now settled by the highest arbiter, and I yield. With this explanation, I concur in the opinion.