309 Mass. 472 | Mass. | 1941
This is an action of contract in which the plaintiff seeks to recover a balance alleged to be due upon a promissory note signed by the defendants Lowe and Gertrude Goldman, who are husband and wife. The defendants’ answer contains a general denial, an allegation that the note has been materially altered since it was made, and a denial of the genuineness of the signature of the witness to the note.
The note was secured by a second mortgage on land owned by the defendant Lowe Goldman. So far as here material the note, which was dated March 18, 1931,' reads as follows: “I, Lowe Goldman, and Gertrude Goldman Promise to pay to Sarah Mindel or order the sum of Five Thousand and no/100 Dollars ($50.00 per month payable on account of principal) in three years from this date, with interest monthly at the rate of six per centum per annum during said term, and for such further time as the said principal sum, or any part thereof, shall- remain unpaid.
Witness Gertrude Goldman [Seal]
William J. Kenney Lowe Goldman”
The body of the note is either printed or typewritten, except that the words "and Gertrude Goldman” are in handwriting. The evidence would require the jury to find that the defendants signed the note before delivery to the plaintiff (they so testified), and that the consideration therefor was paid by the plaintiff to the defendant Lowe Goldman. The evidence was conflicting with respect to whether the words “and Gertrude Goldman” and the signature of the witness Kenney were upon the note when it was delivered to the plaintiff. The jury could find either that the words “and Gertrude Goldman” were then upon the note, or that they were inserted after its delivery without the consent of the defendants.
It is unnecessary to consider whether the evidence would warrant the jury in finding that the name of the witness Kenney was on the note when delivered to the plaintiff, because the instrument is under seal and hence, even if the name of the witness was placed upon the note after delivery, it would not enlarge or otherwise affect its character. Ford
We are of opinion, however, that the addition of the words “and Gertrude Goldman” in the body of the instrument, if inserted after delivery to the plaintiff and without the consent of the defendants, would constitute a material alteration in the instrument, since it would operate to change the defendant Gertrude’s legal position from that of an indorser to that of a maker. See G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 107, §§ 147, 148 (4). Under G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 107, § 39 (6), it is provided that “Where a signature is so placed upon the instrument that it is not clear in what capacity the person making the same intended to sign he is to be deemed an endorser.” In La
Special questions submitted to the jury were as follows: (1) “Were the words ‘and Gertrude Goldman’ in the body of the note when the note was delivered to the plaintiff” and (2) “Was the signature of William J. Kenney on the note when it was delivered to the plaintiff.” In submitting these questions to the jury, the judge instructed them in substance that there was a presumption that the note bore on its face the writings “that are indicated thereon when it was delivered to the plaintiff,” that the burden of proof was on the defendants to satisfy them by a fair preponderance of the evidence that the words in question were put on the note after its delivery to the plaintiff, and that if they were in doubt, or their minds were “evenly balanced,” they should answer the questions “Yes.” The defendants excepted to these instructions and to the judge’s refusal of a ruling that the burden was upon the plaintiff to prove that the note was in the same form at the time of delivery as at the time of the trial. The jury answered both questions in the affirmative and thereupon the judge, subject to the defendants’ exceptions, directed the jury to return a verdict for the plaintiff.
There is a seeming conflict of authority upon the question of presumptions and the burden of proof in cases in-
It follows that the instructions given by the judge to the jury with reference to the burden of proof were erroneous and prejudicial to the defendants.
Exceptions sustained.