Miltimore v. Hoffman
125 Wis. 558
Wis.
1905
Check Treatment
Dodge, J.

Appellant first contends that the appeal should have been dismissed in the circuit court for defects in the appellate proceeding, in that the notice of appeal describes the judgment as in favor of “Village of Dorchester, B. G. Milti-more, Plaintiff,” while the suit was originally brought by B. G. Miltimore. The action as docketed by Justice Bean was in the name of “Village of Dorchester, B. G. Miltimore, Plaintiff, v. William Hoffman, Defendant.” Under that title he entered judgment in favor of “the plaintiff,” both for the delivery of the goods and the recovery of damages and costs. The defendant’s notice declared his appeal from the order and judgment entered in an action so entitled, and the undertaking and the return were all so headed. AVe cannot doubt that the apj>eal was responsive to the judgment from which it was taken, and that any other entitling of the cause or description of the judgment would probably have been ineffectual as not so responsive.

*561. Certain insufficiencies in tbe justice’s return, also urged as defeating tbe appeal, were all of a character capable of amendment, and it was therefore proper for the court, instead of dismissing the appeal on account of them, to order their amendment by further return. Demming v. Weston, 15 Wis. 236. Complaint now made that even the amended return fails to certify the person by whom the notice of appeal was delivered to the justice is of no force, since the notice was signed by the appellant in person. Evangelical L. St. P. Gemeinde v. Koehler, 59 Wis. 650, 18 N. W. 476; Benjamin v. Houston, 24 Wis. 309; Smith v. Ormsby, 61 Wis. 13, 20 N. W. 656; Friemark v. Rosenkrans, 81 Wis. 359, 363, 51 N. W. 557; Patrick v. Baldwin, 109 Wis. 342, 85 N. W. 274. Hence we conclude that the appeal to the circuit court was properly brought.

Jurisdiction of the subject matter of this action in Justice Bean obviously was lacking. His only claim on jurisdiction rests upon an order of Justice Oberbillig transferring the action to Justice Partridge. In the absence of any further showing, Justice Bean is. a simple volunteer, with no right whatever to try this action. Jurisdiction of a justice must affirmatively appear. Ely v. Tallman, 14 Wis. 28; Jones v. Hunt, 90 Wis. 199, 63 N. W. 81.

The next question discussed is whether the court, having-acquired authority at least to examine the action of the justice of the peace by proper appellate proceedings, upon finding that the justice had no jurisdiction of the cause, should merely dismiss the appeal or should dismiss the proceedings, thereby annulling the judgment entered by the justice of the peace. In an early case (Felt v. Felt, 19 Wis. 193) it was. said that the proper proceeding in such case was to dismiss the appeal, in entire analogy to the duty of the circuit court, when it failed of jurisdiction by reason of inadequate appellate proceedings. This view was repudiated, however, in Klaise v. State, 27 Wis. 462, where the proper order was de-*562dared to be one of dismissal of tbe action, wbicb dismissal, said tbe court, “nullifies and puts an end to tbe proceedings in botb courts.” Tbis view controlled in Butler v. Wagner, 35 Wis. 54, Cooban v. Bryant, 36 Wis. 605, and Appeal of Royston, 53 Wis. 612, 11 6N. W. 36; and tbe propriety of sucb an order was assumed to be settled in Stoltman v. Lake, 124 Wis. 462, 102 N. W. 920, where tbe failure of jurisdiction in tire appellate court was due to absence of jurisdiction in tbe court below. Tbe distinction between tbe attitude of tbe appellate court in tbe two cases is obvious. Where the appeal is not perfected in tbe manner prescribed by law tbe circuit court has no jurisdiction even to look into tbe jurisdiction of tbe justice of the peace. Hence it dismisses tbe appeal, leaving undisturbed tbe judgment as entered below. Sec. 3770, Stats. 1898; Shiff v. Brownell, 4 Wis. 285, 286. When, however, tbe appeal is perfect, and tbe question of tbe justice’s jurisdiction is raised, the circuit court must examine and review tbe proceedings before tbe justice to tbe extent, at least, of ascertaining whether be bad jurisdiction to support that of tbe circuit court. Darling v. Conklin, 42 Wis. 478. Indeed, it may be said that in tbe first case tbe circuit court fails of any jurisdiction over tbe appeal; in tbe second it ac•quires jurisdiction of tbe appeal, but none over tbe merits of tbe action. The appeal carries to tbe circuit court tbe same power and duty to examine and adjudge upon tbe question of jurisdiction as existed in tbe justice, and, by virtue of see. 3769, Stats. 1898, to render the same judgment tbe justice ought to have rendered. Tbe subject received lucid discussion in McKitrick v. Peter, 5 Dana (Ky.) 587; State ex rel. Williamson v. Judges, 42 N. J. Law, 386; Ripple v. Keast, 16 Pa. Co. Ct. 548; U. S. v. Nourse, 6 Pet. 470. Tbe supreme court of tbe United States, after full deliberation, has declared in accordance with tbis view, and, when tbe appeal is regular, examines tbe jurisdiction of tbe inferior court, and, if that be found wanting, enters judgment vacating tbe *563.'judgment below. U. S. v. Nourse, supra; Nelson v. Leland, 22 How. 48. Sucb, too, bas been the uniform custom in this court. Ketchum v. Freeman, 24 Wis. 296; Mathie v. McIntosh, 40 Wis. 120. We are convinced, both by reason and authority, that the ruling of the circuit court was proper in dismissing the action and thus annulling all proceedings in both that and the justice court.

The question whether the circuit court erred in awarding judgment for costs against the plaintiff is, of course, entirely statutory. Sec. 2925, Stats. 1898, authorizes costs on appeal in favor of respondent if justice’s judgment be affirmed or the appeal bo dismissed, and in favor of appellant if judgment be reversed. Prior to 1875 (Laws of 1875, ch. 140) the section did not contain any provision for costs on dismissal of appeal, and this court had held that in such case no costs could be awarded, both because of want of jurisdiction to render any judgment and because the statute did not expressly provide for that condition. Confessedly the former ground is mo obstacle in the presence of express statute, and, since the amendment of 1875, costs are recoverable upon dismissal of appeal, although the appellate court has no jurisdiction even of the appeal (Finlay v. Prescott, 104 Wis. 614, 80 N. W. 930) ; and that amendment has generally been recognized as indicating a legislative policy, in contradiction of the formerly declared doctrine that absence of jurisdiction on appeal from a justice precluded recovery of costs, to provide for costs in all cases which might arise upon such appeal, for the statute regulating judgments on appeal, in absence of new trial, at the time of that amendment, authorized nothing but affirmance or reversal. Sec. 218, ch. 120, E. S. 1858. Afterwards, by 'ch. 216, Laws of 1891, came the authority to render an affirmative judgment in the circuit court (sec. 3769, Stats. 1898) ; but the old statute as to costs was not changed (sec. '2925, Stats. 1898), thus clearly indicating that such affirm.-ative judgment was deemed by the legislature to constitute *564either a reversal or affirmance of the justice’s judgment, according to its effect on the rights of the parties. Clearly, upon appeal from a judgment in favor of plaintiff, an affirmative-judgment in the circuit court in favor of defendant would constitute a reversal of the judgment appealed from, within-the meaning of sec. 2925, Stats. 1898; but we can see no failure of analogy between that and the situation here, where, as already pointed out, the judgment of the circuit court nullifies and cancels the affirmative judgment rendered by the justice in plaintiff’s favor on the ground that it has been erroneously rendered. No piore complete reversal in practical effect is conceivable. Ilonce we conclude that the situation is within the express words of the statute (sec. 2925, Stats. 1898) authorizing costs in favor of the appellant when the justice’s-judgment is reversed.

We find no authority in this court in conflict with this conclusion. True> it had been held prior to 1875 that upon dismissal of appeal no costs could be taxed. Mitchell v. Kennedy, 1 Wis. 511; Pratt v. Brown, 4 Wis. 188. All such decisions applied to dismissals for insufficient appeals until Felt v. Felt, supra, where the lack of jurisdiction arose with the justice. In that case the ruling denying costs was but a corollary of the other holding that the proper action in circuit court was to dismiss the appeal, neither affirming nor reversing the judgment below; but that decision was promptly overruled, as we have already pointed out. True, in Blackwood v. Jones, 27 Wis. 498, where jurisdiction was sustained, it was said, citing Felt v. Felt, supra, that, if the action had been properly dismissed, costs against plaintiff would have been erroneous. The remark was, of. course, wholly obiter, is not at all supported by the authority cited nor -by any discussion, and can, at most, be considered an unofficial expression of opinion by the learned author thereof. It has never since-been followed or referred to as authority by this court. We cannot consider it any obstacle to the conclusion now reached-

By the Court. — Judgment affirmed.