180 A. 904 | Pa. Super. Ct. | 1935
Argued March 12, 1935. A judgment in the sum of $505.65, based upon a verdict recovered in an action of trespass for the negligence of an employee of the petitioner in the operation of a truck, was entered against the defendant and a capias ad satisfaciendum was issued and executed, whereupon the defendant presented a petition for discharge from imprisonment. The petition having been refused by the court below, this appeal was taken.
The petitioner, in his application for discharge, set forth that he had no assets; that his only indebtedness was to the plaintiff to whom he owed $505 with interest and costs, and one other claim of eighteen dollars; that *285 he received sixty dollars a month from a spendthrift trust held for the benefit of himself and family; and that he was not able to earn sufficient by his own efforts even with the income from such trust fund to support his family.
The court below, after hearing, refused the petition for the reasons that the petitioner had stated "at the time of the trial, that he would rather sit in jail than pay the judgment," that he had made no effort to secure work but was contented "to live on the amount received from the spendthrift trust, all indicating a mental attitude that he intends to completely ignore the verdict." The appellant contends that it was mandatory on the court to order his discharge and, even if such action was not mandatory, the court abused its discretion in refusing the petition.
The main contention of the appellant is that the court below decided the case without reference to the Act of June 16, 1836, P.L. 729, § 17 (
There are two acts of assembly now in force in this Commonwealth containing provisions intended for the relief of insolvents who may be arrested or held in custody by virtue of process issued on a judgment in tort. The Act of June 4, 1901, P.L. 404 (
Apparently recognizing the fact that insolvent debtors were frequently without means or property and that an assignment in such case would serve no purpose, the Act of June 1, 1915, P.L. 704 (
The Act of 1901 is available to those persons imprisoned for a civil debt who have made an assignment for the benefit of creditors and have not violated any of the provisions of the insolvency act, while the Act of 1915 is for the benefit of all persons who are without means or property with which to pay the judgment and have not secreted or assigned any of their property so as to avoid the payment of the judgment. It is clear that the court below was correct in assuming that the present petition was presented under the Act of 1915.
The Act of June 4, 1915, has been considered on several occasions by this court. In Petition of John Ostrowske,
Is the petitioner entitled to a discharge? In the cases in which we have heretofore considered the Act of 1915, the 16th section of Article I, part of the Declaration of Rights of the Constitution of this Commonwealth, was apparently not taken into account. It is there provided: "The person of a debtor, where there is not strong presumption of fraud, shall not be continued in prison after delivering up his estate for the benefit of his creditors in such manner as shall be prescribed by law." In passing the Act of 1901 the legislature had in mind this constitutional provision, for it made the granting of a discharge mandatory, even before sixty days had expired, where there was a compliance with the provisions of that insolvent law. The Acts of 1901 and 1915, insofar as they relate to petitions for discharge, are intended to accomplish the same purpose. The one act is available where the debtor has property *290 and the other act provides for discharge of debtors who have neither means nor property to pay the judgment, and it would be a vain thing to make an assignment. It would seem to follow, if effect is to be given to the spirit of the constitutional provision, that a debtor who otherwise brings himself within the provisions of the Act of 1915, the insolvent law involved, is entitled to the same consideration as one who, although he may have only a negligible amount of property, has assets to assign. In either case, if the applicant complies with the particular statute he is complying with the insolvent laws of the state and delivering up such estate as he has. In other words, if a debtor is without means or property with which to pay the judgment, has not secreted or assigned any of his property, follows the procedure prescribed by the first three sections of that act, and there is not a strong presumption of fraud growing out of either the transaction which formed the basis of the judgment or the proceedings for discharge, he is entitled under the constitution of this Commonwealth to a discharge without waiting sixty days.
Viewing the controversy from another angle, we arrive at the same conclusion. While in Matz v. Haug, supra, and other cases construing this act we have said that before the expiration of sixty days, the right of one imprisoned for a civil debt to a discharge is a matter of grace, this means that it is a matter of judicial discretion under the law and the facts. We have not found a better description of judicial discretion than that given by Chief Justice MARSHALL in the case of Osborn v. Bank of U.S.,
Legislation in this Commonwealth has shown a decided trend away from affording to a creditor the remedy of imprisonment as a means of enforcing collection of judgments in civil actions. By the Act of 1836, where the judgment was not one in an action founded upon actual force or upon actual fraud or deceit, for libel or slander, malicious prosecution, conspiracy, seduction, or criminal conversation, the defendant was entitled to a discharge without serving a minimum period of imprisonment. This was followed by a provision of the Constitution of 1838, the same as that contained in the present constitution to which we have referred. The Act of 1901 makes it mandatory upon the court to discharge one imprisoned for a civil debt where he has made an assignment for the benefit of creditors and it appears that he has assigned all his property, has complied with and has not violated any of the provisions of the insolvency act, and that all claims against him would be discharged by creditors accepting a dividend.
We deem the reasons assigned by the court below for its action insufficient. Even under the Act of 1836 this petitioner would have been entitled to a discharge without undergoing confinement for a minimum term, for the tort which formed the basis of the action in which the judgment was recovered was not founded upon actual force: Doescher's Petition, supra. If the reasons here assigned were sufficient to support the order of the court, it would be in rare instances that a defendant in any action in tort for negligence might not, at the will of court, be compelled to serve a minimum term of *292 sixty days. To so hold would reverse the whole policy of the law. To refuse the petition is an exercise of the will of the judge rather than the settled policy of the Commonwealth as expressed in its constitution and by the legislature.
This appeal was presented to us in forma pauperis and it is impossible, from the paper books, to determine whether the petitioner has complied with the jurisdictional provisions of the Act of 1915, but no such question has been raised before this court. We will therefore assume that the proceedings are regular and that no other reasons in support of the order exist.
The order discharging the rule is reversed, and it is directed that the rule be made absolute and the prisoner discharged.