9 F.2d 382 | 9th Cir. | 1925
The plaintiffs in error were convicted under an indictment, in three counts, which charged them with unlawful manufacture of intoxicating liquors, unlawful possession of intoxicating liquors, and the maintenance of a common nuisance by keeping and selling intoxicating liquors. According to the testimony they were single men and occupied a dwelling house, the basement of which was accessible from the story above, and also accessible through a door from the outside. Prohibition agents under a search warrant searched the premises and found thereon a large quantity of fermented and fermenting wine and other liquors. Upon the hearing of the petitions of each of the plaintiffs in error for the suppression of such evidence, the court below, while ruling that the affidavit on which the search warrant was issued was insufficient to support the same, held the evidence admissible on the ground that the prohibition officers had visible and other evidence of the presence of intoxcating liquors on the premises before the search and seizure were made, and visible evidence of the commission in their presence of an offense against the United States. Error is assigned to that ruling.
The affidavit may be conceded to have been defective. The testimony, however, showed the following facts: When the prohibition agents approached the premises with, the search warrant, they found the plaintiff in error Miller working in a little yard in front of the door to the basement. He had the basement door open. The agents could distinctly smell the odor from fermenting mash, and could see in the open basement several empty raisin boxes, raisins in boxes, and boxes without any raisins in, half a sack of sugar and a part of another sack of sugar, about 25 or 30 pounds, also a 10-gallon keg of wine in a burlap sack, with about 6 inches of the top of the keg showing. In the basement, when they entered, the officers found several vats with grapes fermenting in them, one 52-gallon barrel, three Sigallon kegs, and one 10-gallon keg, all full of wine; the kegs being in burlap sacks, so that they could be readily carried, which, said the officers from their experience, was the usual way of carrying kegs containing intoxicating liquor. There Could bo no question but that the officers had the visible evidence of the commission of a crime in their presence, and they had authority, not only to arrest the person committing the offense, but to take into custodia legis the instruments of the crime and other articles which might fairly be introduced in evidence in proof of the commission thereof. Vachina v. United States (C. C. A.) 283 F. 35; McBride v. United States (C. C. A.) 284 F. 416; Lambert v. United States (C. C. A.) 282 F. 413; Agnello v. United States (C. C. A.) 290 F. 671.
The plaintiffs in error Bronich and Thomas rely upon their objection to the introduction of certain testimony which their attorney was compelled to give on the trial. The point having been made by the defense that the said plaintiffs in error, who were not standing by when the officers entered the premises, were not shown to have been connected wih the offense charged, the district attorney, to prove their admissions, offered in evidence the original petitions which they had filed, praying for the suppression of evidence, and called upon their attorney then representing them in court, and before whom as a notary public the oaths to the petitions had been taken, to testify and say whether he had taken said oaths and whether the signatures of the affiants thereto were the signatures of Bronich and Thomas. The court overruled objection to the testimony. It is urged that, in effect, the court’s ruling compelled said plaintiffs in error to give evidence against themselves, in violation of their constitutional rights. There is no basis for the contention. It was wholly superfluous to prove the signatures of the affiants to said petitions, inasmuch as their petitions were on file, and they had ealled upon the court to rule upon the matters therein presented. The presumption was that the petitions so filed and sworn to were their petitions, they having gone to trial without repudiating or rejecting the same. Nor can it be said that their attorney, in so testifying, was required to reveal matter that his clients had disclosed to him in confidence, or -to testify in violation of their constitutional rights. Clearly he was in no position to refuse to testify to the genuineness of signatures to affidavits
Tbe judgment is affirmed.